AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT ON THE BASIS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article presents conceptually scientific and methodological principles of agricultural management on the basis of Information Technologies. It has determined the main directions of using Information Technologies in Agricultural Manufacturing. It has systematically investigated the manufacturing by agricultural producers, and it has determined and stressed the main functions and relationships between the two systemic parts – technical and technological as well as organizational and technical. There have been determined the hierarchical structure of the configuration for the husbandry systems. It was explored that this configuration consists of nine main parts, and which of them have their own configuration. It was a conceptually determined processes of architecture management of agricultural programs (portfolios) and the configuration of agricultural products. The developed structural and project approach to configurations management of systemic parts for agricultural manufacturing is the part of scientific and methodological principles of this manufacturing management using Information Technologies.


Introduction
The climate change and growth of the worlds need for foodstuffs issues new challenges for Agricultural Science. Obviously, mostly in resources of agricultural manufacturing (earth, water and agrometeorological conditions) which must be used for each country, so this country could make-up the most security of foodstuffs for other countries with its deficit and the country doesn't have to lower internal quality of foodstuffs. Unfortunately, this scenario progress is specific for Ukraine because its agricultural manufacturing is mostly resource consuming, harmful for the earth cover of productive resources (agricultural land). The main reason of this is faulty managing department system with the help of national and agricultural producers. In particular, real production management systems are characterized by subjectiveness, the deficit of reliable information resources of decision support system on the basis of Information Technologies.

The analysis of recent researches and publications
Nowadays, knowledge management [5] is developing extremely, particularly in Agriculture [3]. Especially [1] collecting knowledge of Projects Management in the last thirty years. The aim of this knowledge is to create different Standards in some activities. The publications of Management Production on basics of the using of Information Technologies appears more and more often. But in most cases they refer to its separate parts [2,7,9,10].
Analysis of these publications allows us to assert that the tasks of Production Management in Agriculture are researched but unsolvable not only in Ukraine, but also in the world.

Objectives
Identify conceptually scientific and methodological principles of Agricultural Management on the basis of Information Technologies.

The main results of the research
Now Information Technologies get different Management Systems in the Agrarian Sphere (see Table). Separately, these technologies are used in the mobile agricultural equipment and agricultural gangs of new generation. They provide the stress decline through the work of mechanics. The automated control for technical state of machines ensures the effectiveness increase of their engineering service and repair. These Information Technologies are used for the driving of agricultural gangs, report of their application, fuel rate and operators' charge, which make possible the effectiveness of extension for mechanical husbandry. These technologies are used in exact husbandry too. It allows them to rise its ecological and economical aspects [6].
Geoinformation Technologies of forecasting of agricultural harvest are based on Information Technologies too. Some information allows to manage by crop markets and to forecast its prize. So, we can make the conclusion under the practice analysis and science of the using Information, that Technologies in Agricultural production that information and analytical systems for managing of its functioning and development aren't created by science now.
Conceptually we can discover scientific and methodological approaches of the using for Information Technologies in Agricultural Production Management at rate of Agricultural Manufacturing.
We can use the system approach for that. This approach allows to mark out two main systems (subsystems): technical and technological system (Z), and organizational and technical system (management system) (U) (Fig. 1). Every component executes some functions, which all together provide the agricultural manufacturing. In this case the technical and technological system (TTS) makes qualitative transformations of labour objects (ground, seeds, fertilizers and harvest), and the organizational and technical system (OTS) provides the forming of conditions for qualitative and efficacious transformations of these objects. Qualitative transformations of these labour objects take place, with the help of some organized technologies. They make separate projects, programs and portfolios in the section of separate fields, agricultural crops and kinds of project work. The managing of these projects, programs and portfolios are realized by organizational and technical system (OTS), which consist of managers and Decision Support System (DSS). Managers make decisions and managing difficult situations with the help of DSS, and they prove decisions in reference to the initiation of some commands (K) for doing agricultural projects on the basis of issues. These commands can concern input streams of the manufacturing contract for agricultural projects (X), parameters of TTS (Z), and the resources provision for projects (R).
We can write dependencies for Y and U in the complete view on the basis of definite parts for System Production of Agricultural products: Y= f (X, Z, R, I, U, K, T) (2) At the same time, the dependency (2) is the basis of the substantiation for DSS Configuration (structure) (U c ): where: Mtmanagement tasks, Тm vtechnical means for automated problems solving in Management, Тm іtechnical means for identification of the state for parts of agricultural technological systems (X, Z, R, Y), Тm c -technical communication means, Alalgorithm of management problems solving, Pp уprogram products for automated problems solving in Management, Dbdata bases, which are used for agricultural management projects (programs and portfolios), Kbknowledge bases for these Projects Management.
Each of these DSS parts in Agriculture is a set, which depends on some parameters of technological systems in some way [6].
Regarding DSS as the apparatus (tool) in Agricultural Projects (programs and portfolios) Management, we can say that they must have the configuration which can provide finite problem solving set in Management. These tasks must refer to the configuration of such main system parts: 1) land resources (LR); 2) agricultural production which is produced by separate agricultural producers (AP); 3) architectures of programs and portfolios of agricultural projects which are realized for this manufacturing production (А PP); 4) technological and recourse implication (TRI); 5) machine and technological equipment that provides the realization of agricultural programs and portfolios (MTE); 6) energetic and recourse implication (ERI) of organizational and technical systems (OTS); 7) DSS (Fig. 2). There are systemic cause-effect relations between designated configurations. These relations are established by results of problem solving tasks in Management.
Each of designated configurations and architecture of agricultural projects, programs and portfolios is the result of managing for some part of this system.

Fig. 2. Scheme of hierarchical structure for configuration agricultural systems: Ac, LR, APagrometeorological conditions, configuration of land recourses and configuration of agricultural production; АPParchitecture of agricultural programs and portfolios; TRI, MTEconfiguration of technological and recourse implication and machine and technological equipment ; ERI, OTSconfiguration of energetic and recourse implication and organizational and technical system; DSSconfiguration of DSS
Configuration Management of Agricultural Production is realized under each of Project modality, which provides its manufacturing. At the same time, these projects modalities, which are combined in programs or portfolios, create accordingly their architecture. This architecture management provides the configuration forming of agricultural production, which is manufactured by these or those agricultural producers. According to this, we can systematically show the structure of completed conditional process for Configuration Management of agricultural production (CM AP). The result of this is the configuration of this production (C P) (Fig. 3a). Analogically we can determine all nine enlarged processes of Configuration Management for the agricultural system parts, especially, the agriculture architecture programs (portfolios), machine and the technological equipment and DSS (Fig. 3 b, c, d).  Program modality {P } yk shows programs and portfolios architecture of agricultural manufacturing by this or that producer [4]. In view of the above, the structural scheme of enlarged process for architecture management of agricultural programs and portfolios has this show - Fig. 3b.
The architecture of agricultural programs and portfolios (A PP), and technological knowledge (Тi) are the basis of configurations management: TRI; MTE; ERI, OTS; DSS (Fig. 3 c, d). In this way the configuration of each next part is generally determined by the configuration of previous parts.
The structuralisation of manufacturing parts of agricultural production is the basis of scientific and methodological principles of DSS creation for automated problem-solving tasks in Management and substantiation of some solutions. Only the project approach to this management suffers to adequately show the management process of agricultural manufacturing on the basis of Information Technologies.

Conclusions
The analysis of scientific researches and some bibliography shows the using of Information Technologies in Management of separate parts for agricultural production, but there is no integrative Systems of Management now.
Conceptual systemic analysis of Agricultural Production allows to separate and structure decision support systems for management of its development and function.
Structuring agriculture of nine main parts and significant of their configurations allow to separate seven extended processes of these Configurations Management, which have some systemic relations.
Configurations Management of main systematic production parts requires the using Project-oriented Approach. This approach shows adequately its production and management processes.
The structural and projected approach was created for Configurations Management of Agricultural Production parts, and methodological principles for the using of Information Technologies in this Production Management.