Modern era fortifications as urban public places

Grzegorz Bukal

grzegorz.bukal@pg.edu.pl
Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Architecture (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-3069

Abstract

The fortifications created systems of earthworks and wide moats. Their area often exceeded the area of the city surrounded by them. The loss of defensive role and the tendency of territorial growth of cities made it necessary to change the function of historical fortifications. In the 19th and 20th centuries, they were dismantled and their areas built up or transformed into public spaces. However, their development and conservation cause problems due to technical characteristics, as well as conflicts of economic, legal and administrative, urban planning, landscape, and ecological interests.


Keywords:

modern era fortifications, post-fortress areas, public places, rehabilitation

Bukal G., Rewitalizacja zespołów fortyfikacji nowożytnych - ograniczenia i możliwości, „Studia Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN” (2019), ss. 294-314
  Google Scholar

Burger M., Die Bundesfestung Ulm. Deutschlands größtes Festungsensemble, Selbstverlag des Förderkreis Bundesfestung Ulm e. V. – Sűddeutsche Verlagsgesellschaft Ulm, Ulm 2006
  Google Scholar

Mintzker Y., The Defortification of the German City 1689–1866, Cambridge University Press, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139162166   Google Scholar

Mintzker Y., The Dialectics of Urban Form in Absolutist France, [w:] M. Silberman, K. E. Till & J. Ward (Red.), Walls, Borders, Boundaries. Spatial and Cultural Practices in Europe, Barghahn Books, New York – Oxford, 2012, ss. 25-42
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857455055-005   Google Scholar

Omilanowska M., Defortyfikacja Gdańska na tle przekształceń miast niemieckich w XIX wieku, „Biuletyn Historii Sztuki”, t. 72 (2010), Warszawa 2010, ss. 293-334
  Google Scholar

Seberich F., Die Stadtbefestigung Würzburgs. II T. Die neuzeitliche Umwallung, „Mainfränkische Hefte“, Heft 40, Freunde Mainfränkischer Kunst und Geschichte E. V., Wűrzburg 1963
  Google Scholar

KARTA OCHRONY FORTYFIKACJI – ICOMOS POLSKA, http://www.icomos-poland.org/pl/dokumenty-doktrynalne.html
  Google Scholar

Standardy konserwatorskie - Dzieła budownictwa obronnego, https://nid.pl/zasoby/zasoby-standardy-konserwatorskie/
  Google Scholar


Published
2023-11-30

Cited by

Bukal, G. (2023). Modern era fortifications as urban public places. Protection of Cultural Heritage, (15), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.35784/odk.3449

Authors

Grzegorz Bukal 
grzegorz.bukal@pg.edu.pl
Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Architecture Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-3069

Statistics

Abstract views: 91
PDF downloads: 90