CONTROL AND GRID SYNCHRONIZATION OF TWO LEVEL VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER UNDER TEMPORARY VOLTAGE UNBALANCE
Tomasz Chmielewski
tomasz.chmielewski@pollub.plLublin University of Technology, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty (Poland)
Abstract
This paper presents the operation of grid tied, two level voltage source inverter (VSI) during network voltage unbalance. The control system was implemented in synchronous rotating reference frame dq0 (SRF). Two types of control structures were investigated herein. First utilizes the Double Decoupled SRF Phase-locked loop (DDSRF-PLL) synchronisation with positive and negative sequence currents control. Second one is simplified system that does not provide symmetrical components decomposition and decoupling for synchronisation. Simulation results exhibited a superior performance of the DDSRF-PLL control system under grid voltage unbalance.
Keywords:
control, PLL, unbalance, synchronisationReferences
Abrishamifar A., Ahmad A.A., Mohamadian M.: Fixed switching frequency sliding mode control for single-phase unipolar inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 27(5)/2012, 2507–2514.
Google Scholar
Alarcón-Gallo E., De Vicuña L.G., Castilla M., Miret J., Matas J., Camacho A.: Decoupled sliding mode control for three-phase LCL VSI operating at fixed switching frequency. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2012, 1572–1578.
Google Scholar
Antoniewicz P., Kazmierkowski M.P.: Virtual-flux-based predictive direct power control of AC/DC converters with online inductance estimation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 55(12)/2008, 4381–4390.
Google Scholar
Bianchi N., Dai Pre M.: Active power filter control using neural network technologies. IEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications 150(2)/2003, 139–145.
Google Scholar
Bibian S., Jin H.: High performance predictive dead-beat digital controller for dc power supplies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 17(3)/2002, 420–427.
Google Scholar
Bollen M.H.J.: Voltage recovery after unbalanced and balanced voltage dips in three-phase systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 18(4)/2003, 1376–1381.
Google Scholar
Bollen M.H.J., Zhang L.D.: Different methods for classification of three-phase unbalanced voltage dips due to faults. Electric Power Systems Research 66(1)/2003, 59–69.
Google Scholar
Bouafia A., Krim F., Gaubert J.P.: Design and implementation of high performance direct power control of three-phase PWM rectifier, via fuzzy and PI controller for output voltage regulation. Energy Conversion and Management 50(1)/2009, 6–13.
Google Scholar
Bouafia A., Krim F., Gaubert J.P.: Fuzzy-Logic-Based Switching State Selection for Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 56(6)/2009, 1984–1992.
Google Scholar
Busada C.A., Gomez Jorge S., Solsona J.A.: Full-State Feedback Equivalent Controller for Active Damping in LCL-Filtered Grid-Connected Inverters Using a Reduced Number of Sensors. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 62(10)/2015, 5993–6002.
Google Scholar
Buso S., Fasolo S., Malesani L., Mattavelli P.: A dead-beat adaptive hysteresis current control. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 36(4)/2000, 1174–1180.
Google Scholar
Cai H., Wei W., Peng Y., Hu H.: Fuzzy Proportional-Resonant Control Strategy for Three-Phase Inverters in Islanded Micro-Grid with Nonlinear Loads, 2014.
Google Scholar
Carpita M. Marchesoni M.: Experimental study of a power conditioning system using slidingnmode control. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 11(5)/1996.
Google Scholar
Chang F.J., Chang E.C., Liang T.J., Chen J.F.: Digital-signal-processor-based DC/AC inverter with integral-compensation terminal sliding-mode control. IET Power Electronics 4(1)/2011, 159.
Google Scholar
Chen B.S. Joos G.: Direct Power Control of Active Filters With Averaged Switching Frequency Regulation. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 23(6)/2008, 2729–2737.
Google Scholar
Choi J.W. Sul S.K.: Fast current controller in three-phase AC/DC boost converter using d-q axis crosscoupling. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 13(1)/1998, 179–185.
Google Scholar
Davoodnezhad R., Holmes D.G., McGrath B.P.: A novel three-level hysteresis current regulation strategy for three-phase three-level inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 29(11)/2014, 6100–6109.
Google Scholar
Dirscherl C., Fessler J., Hackl C.M., Ipach H.: State-feedback controller and observer design for grid-connected voltage source power converters with LCL-filter. 2015 IEEE Conference on Control and Applications, CCA 2015 - Proceedings, 2015, 215–222.
Google Scholar
Escobar G., Stankovic A.M., Carrasco J.M., Galvan E. Ortega, R.: Analysis and design of direct power control (DPC) for a three phase synchronous rectifier via output regulation subspaces. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 18(3)/2003, 823–830.
Google Scholar
Galecki A., Kaszewski A., Ufnalski B., Grzesiak L.M.: State Current Controller with Oscillatory Terms for Three-level Grid-connected PWM Rectifiers under Distorted Grid Voltage Conditions. 2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’15 ECCE-Europe), 2015, 1–10.
Google Scholar
Galecki A., Kaszewski A., Ufnalski B., Grzesiak L.M.: LQ current control for three-phase PWM rectifiers under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. Proceedings - 2015 9th International Conference on Compatibility and Power Electronics, CPE 2015, 2015, 191–196.
Google Scholar
García-Triviño P., Gil-Mena A.J., Llorens-Iborra F., García-Vázquez C.A., Fernández-Ramírez L.M., Jurado F.: Power control based on particle swarm optimization of grid-connected inverter for hybrid renewable energy system. Energy Conversion and Management 91, 2015, 83–92.
Google Scholar
Geyer T., Oikonomou N., Papafotiou G., Kieferndorf F.D. Model predictive pulse pattern control. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 48(2)/2012, 663–676.
Google Scholar
Gokhale K.P., Kawamura A., Hoft R.G.: Dead beat microprocessor control of pwm inverter for sinusoidal output waveform synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications IA-23, 5/1987, 901–910.
Google Scholar
Guerrero-Rodríguez N.F., Rey-Boué A.B., Herrero-de Lucas L.C., Martinez-Rodrigo F.: Control and synchronization algorithms for a grid-connected photovoltaic system under harmonic distortions, frequency variations and unbalances. Renewable Energy 80/2015, 380–395.
Google Scholar
Hao X., Yang X., Liu T., Huang L., Chen W.: A sliding-mode controller with multiresonant sliding surface for single-phase grid-connected VSI with an LCL filter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 28(5)/2013, 2259–2268.
Google Scholar
Hu J. He Y.: Modeling and control of grid-connected voltage-sourced converters under generalized unbalanced operation conditions. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 23(3)/2008, 903–913.
Google Scholar
Hu J., Shang L., He Y., Zhu Z.Z.: Direct Active and Reactive Power Regulation of Grid-Connected DC/AC Converters Using Sliding Mode Control Approach. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 26(1)/2011, 210–222.
Google Scholar
Hu J., Zhu Z.Q.: Investigation on switching patterns of direct power control strategies for grid-connected DC-AC converters based on power variation rates. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 26(12)/2011, 3582–3598.
Google Scholar
IEC. IEC 61000-2-5: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-5: Environment - Description and classification of electromagnetic environmen. 1995.
Google Scholar
IEEE. IEEE Std 1159TM-2009, IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality. 2009.
Google Scholar
Ignatova V., Granjon P., Bacha S., Dumas F.: Classification and characterization of three phase voltage dips by space vector methodology. Future Power Systems, 2005 International Conference on, Generic 6/2005.
Google Scholar
Iov F., Hansen A.D., Sorensen P.: Mapping of grid faults and grid codes. 2007.
Google Scholar
Jarzyna W.: TERMS OF THE TURBINE AND GENERATOR CHOICE OF WIND POWER STATIONS. Rynek Energii 1(4)/2011, 102–106.
Google Scholar
Jarzyna W., Lipnicki P.: The comparison of Polish grid codes to certain European standards and resultant differences for WPP requirements. 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE 2013, June 2013, 1–6.
Google Scholar
Jung S.L., Tzou Y.Y.: Discrete sliding-mode control of a PWM inverter for sinusoidal output waveform synthesis with optimal sliding curve. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 11(4)/1996, 567–577.
Google Scholar
Kacejko P., Machowski J.: Zwarcia w Systemach Elektroenergetycznych. WNT, 2013.
Google Scholar
Kazmierkowski M.P., Malesani L.: Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters: a survey. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 45(5)/1998, 691–703.
Google Scholar
Komurcugil H., Ozdemir S., Sefa I., Altin N., Kukrer O.: Sliding-Mode Control for Single-Phase Grid-Connected LCL-Filtered VSI With Double-Band Hysteresis Scheme. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 63(2)/2016, 864–873.
Google Scholar
Kukrer O., Komurcugil H., and Doganalp A.: A three-level hysteresis function approach to the sliding-mode control of single-phase UPS inverters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56(9)/2009, 3477–3486.
Google Scholar
Li Z., Li Y., Wang P., Zhu H., Liu C., Xu W.: Control of three-phase boost-type PWM rectifier in stationary frame under unbalanced input voltage. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 25(10)/2010, 2521–2530.
Google Scholar
Lidozzi A., Lo Calzo G., Solero L., Crescimbini F.: Integral-resonant control for stand-alone voltage source inverters. IET Power Electronics 7(2)/2014, 271–278.
Google Scholar
Lidozzi A., Calzo G. Lo., Solero L., Crescimbini F.: Integral-Resonant Voltage Control for Three-Phase Four-Leg Voltage Source Inverters. 2012, 1412–1419.
Google Scholar
Lin C., Fu T.L.M.W.L., Hsiao C.: Design and implementation of a chattering-free non-linear sliding-mode controller for interior permanent magnet synchronous drive systems. 6, December 2011, 2012, 332–344.
Google Scholar
Liserre M., Teodorescu R., Blaabjerg F.: Multiple harmonics control for three-phase grid converter systems with the use of PI-RES current controller in a rotating frame. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 21, 3 (2006), 836–841.
Google Scholar
Liutanakul P., Pierfederici S., and Meibody-Tabar, F.: Nonlinear control techniques of a controllable rectifier/inverter-motor drive system with a small dc-link capacitor. Energy Conversion and Management 49(12)/2008, 3541–3549.
Google Scholar
Ma K., Chen W., Liserre M., Blaabjerg F.: Power controllability of a three-phase converter with an unbalanced AC source. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 30(3)/2015, 1591–1604.
Google Scholar
Malesani L., Mattavelli P., Buso S.: Robust Dead-Beat Current Control for PWM Rectifiers and Active Filters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 35(3)/1999, 613–620.
Google Scholar
Malesani L., Tenti P. A: Novel Hysteresis Control Method for Current-Controlled Voltage-Source PWM Inverters with Constant Modulation Frequency. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 26(1)/1990, 88–92.
Google Scholar
Malinowski M., Jasinski M., Kazmierkowski M.P.: Simple Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space-Vector Modulation (DPC-SVM). IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 51(2)/2004, 447–454.
Google Scholar
Malinowski M., Kazmierkowski M.P., Hansen S., Blaabjerg F., Marques G.D.: Virtual-flux-based direct power control of three-phase PWM rectifiers. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on 37(4)/2001, 1019–1027.
Google Scholar
Malinowski M., Kazmierkowski M.P., Hansen S., Blaabjerg F., Marques G.D.: Virtual-flux-based direct power control of three-phase PWM rectifiers. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 37(4)/2001, 1019–1027.
Google Scholar
Mao H., Yang X., Chen Z., Wang Z.: A hysteresis current controller for single-phase three-level voltage source inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 27(7)/2012, 3330–3339.
Google Scholar
Maswood A.I. Liu F.: A unity-power-factor converter using the synchronous-reference-frame-based hysteresis current control. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 43(2)/2007, 593–599.
Google Scholar
Mcmurray W.: Modulation of the Chopping Frequency in DC Choppers and PWM Inverters Having Current-Hysteresis Controllers. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications I, 4/1984, 763–768.
Google Scholar
Monfared M., Rastegar H.: Design and experimental verification of a dead beat power control strategy for low cost three phase PWM converters. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 42(1)/2012, 418–425.
Google Scholar
Monfared M., Sanatkar M., Golestan S.: Direct active and reactive power control of single-phase grid-tie converters. IET Power Electronics 5(8)/2012, 1544.
Google Scholar
Montagner V.F., Jr L.A.M., Koch G.G., et al.: Partial state feedback controllers applied to grid-connected converters. 2, 3.
Google Scholar
Nagy I.: Novel Adaptive Tolerance Band Based PWM for Field-Oriented Control of Induction Machines. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 41(4)/1994, 406–417.
Google Scholar
Noguchi T., Tomiki H., Kondo, S., Takahashi I.: Direct power control of PWM converter without power-source voltage sensors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 34(3)/1998, 473–479.
Google Scholar
Norniella J.G., Cano J.M., Orcajo G.A., et al.: Improving the dynamics of virtual-flux-based control of three-phase active rectifiers. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 61(1)/2014, 177–187.
Google Scholar
P, K. and Mahapatra, K.K.: PI and fuzzy logic controllers for shunt Active Power Filter--a report. ISA transactions 51(1)/2012, 163–9.
Google Scholar
Parvez M., Elias M.F.M., Rahim N.A., Osman N.: Current control techniques for three-phase grid interconnection of renewable power generation systems: A review. Solar Energy 135/2016, 29–42.
Google Scholar
Punitha K., Devaraj D., Sakthivel S.: Development and analysis of adaptive fuzzy controllers for photovoltaic system under varying atmospheric and partial shading condition. Applied Soft Computing Journal 13(11)/2013, 4320–4332.
Google Scholar
Rakhtala S.M. Shafiee Roudbari E.: Fuzzy PID control of a stand-alone system based on PEM fuel cell. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 78/2016, 576–590.
Google Scholar
Razali A.M. Rahman M.A.: Virtual grid flux oriented control method for front-end three phase boost type voltage source rectifier. 2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering: Vision for a Greener Future, CCECE 2012, 2012, 1–4.
Google Scholar
Rese L., Costa A.S., E Silva A.S.: Enhanced modeling and control of VSIs in microgrids operating in grid-connected mode. 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, ISGT 2012, 2012, 1–8.
Google Scholar
Rodriguez P., Pou J., Bergas J., Candela J.I., Burgos R.P., Boroyevich D.: Decoupled double synchronous reference frame PLL for power converters control. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 22(2)/2007, 584–592.
Google Scholar
Roslan N.F., Suul J.A., Luna A., Candela I., Rodriguez P. A: Simulation Study of Proportional Resonant Controller Based on the Implementation of Frequency- Adaptive Virtual Flux Estimation with the LCL Filter. 2015, 1934–1941.
Google Scholar
Scoltock J., Geyer T., Madawala U.K.: Model predictive direct power control for grid-connected NPC converters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 62(9)/2015, 5319–5328.
Google Scholar
Scoltock J., Geyer T., Madawala U.K.A: Model Predictive Direct Current Control Strategy With Predictive References for MV Grid-Connected Converters With LCL Filters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 30(10)/2015, 5926–5937.
Google Scholar
Sefa I., Altin N., Ozdemir S., Kaplan O.: Fuzzy PI controlled inverter for grid interactive renewable energy systems. IET Renewable Power Generation 9/2015, 729–738.
Google Scholar
Song H.S. Nam K.: Dual current control scheme for PWM converter under unbalanced input voltage conditions. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 46(5)/1999, 953–959.
Google Scholar
Tan S., Member S., Lai Y.M., et al.: A Fixed-Frequency Pulsewidth Modulation Based Quasi-Sliding-Mode Controller for Buck Converters. 20(6)/2005, 1379–1392.
Google Scholar
Timbus A., Liserre M., Teodorescu R., Rodriguez P., Blaabjerg F.: Evaluation of current controllers for distributed power generation systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 24(3)/2009, 654–664.
Google Scholar
Veena P., Indragandhi V., Jeyabharath R., Subramaniyaswamy V.: Review of grid integration schemes for renewable power generation system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 34/2014, 628–641.
Google Scholar
Wai R., Member S., Lin C.: Active Low-Frequency Ripple Control for Clean-Energy Power-Conditioning Mechanism. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 57(11)/2010, 3780–3792.
Google Scholar
Wai R.J. Lin C.Y.: Dual active low-frequency ripple control for clean-energy power-conditioning mechanism. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58(11)/2011, 5172–5185.
Google Scholar
Yamamoto Y.: Dead beat control of three phase PWM inverter - Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on. 5(I)/1990, 21–28.
Google Scholar
Yin B., Oruganti R., Panda S.K., Bhat A.K.S.: An output-power-control strategy for a three-phase PWM rectifier under unbalanced supply conditions. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 55(5)/2008, 2140–2151.
Google Scholar
Zhang X., Wang Y., Yu C., Guo L., Cao R.: Hysteresis model predictive control for high-power grid-connected inverters with output LCL filter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 63(1)/2016, 246–256.
Google Scholar
Zhang Y., Qu C.: Direct Power Control of a Pulse Width Modulation Rectifier Using Space Vector Modulation Under Unbalanced Grid Voltages. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 30(10)/2015, 5892–5901.
Google Scholar
Zieliński D., Jarzyna W., Lipnicki P.: Synchronization of voltage frequency converters with the grid in the presence of notching. COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 34(3)/2015, 657–673.
Google Scholar
Authors
Tomasz Chmielewskitomasz.chmielewski@pollub.pl
Lublin University of Technology, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Poland
Statistics
Abstract views: 277PDF downloads: 171
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.