SMART GRIDS – GENERAL REVIEW OF SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES

Piotr Lipnicki

Piotr.Lipnicki86@gmail.com
Lublin University of Technology, Electrical Drive and Electrical Machines Department (Poland)

Abstract

This paper deals with crucial aspect of synchronization in modern power grids. It presents the concept of intelligent networks (“smart grids”), as the future of today’s grid infrastructure. The diversity of different grid codes in regards to the synchronization requirements for different Transmission System Operators (TSO) is discussed. This paper shows the applications of synchronizing algorithms, their role in power grid system.. The methods are classified according to application, the reference frame used and the possibility of using them in single and three phase systems. Proper selection of synchronization algorithms to meet the requirements of TSO’s calls for creation of appropriate evaluation methods. For this reason, at the end of the article quality criteria for the evaluation of synchronizing algorithms were proposed and explained in detail. Finally, the last section states what are the most commonly used methods for grid synchronization.


Keywords:

synchronization, smart grids, grid codes, phase locked loop (PLL), power electronics

Abrishamifar A., Abiri E., Rahmati A.: A sensorless and simple controller for VSC based HVDC system. In Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A, Vol. 10, No. 12, December 2009, pp. 1824-1834
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A0820504   Google Scholar

Abrishamifar A., Abiri E., Rahmati A.: Direct Power Control of an HVDC system based on VSCs. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information Technology, Mumbai, India, 15-17 December 2006, pp. 2984-2989
  Google Scholar

Arruda L. N., Diniz A. S., Filho B. J., Silva S. M., Silva S. R.: Wide bandwidth single and three-phase PLL structures for grid-tied PV systems. Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 02/200
  Google Scholar

Arruda L. N., Filho B. J., Silva S.: PLL Structures for Utility Connected Systems. Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference, 2001 IEEE
  Google Scholar

Benysek G., Kaźmierkowski M.P., Popczyk J., Strzelecki R.: Power electronic system as a crucial part of Smart Grid infrastructure – a survey. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, Vol. 59, No. 4, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10175-011-0058-2   Google Scholar

Blaabjerg F., Candela I., Liserre M., Rodríguez P., Teodorescu R., Timbus A.V.: New Positive sequence Voltage Detector for Grid Synchronization of Power Converters under Faulty Grid Conditions. Electronics Specialists Conference, 2006. PESC '06. IEEE
  Google Scholar

Blaabjerg F., Choi J., Jensen B. B., Kim H., “Instantaneous Power Compensation in Three-Phase Systems by Using p-q-r Theory”, IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, vol.17, No.5, pp. 701-710, September
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2002.802185   Google Scholar

Blaabjerg F., Ciobotaru M., Teodorescu R.,: Improved PLL structures for single-phase grid inverters. Power Electronics Electrical Drives Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), 2010
  Google Scholar

Blaabjerg F., Ciobotaru, M., Luna A., Rodríguez P., Teodorescu R.: Advanced Grid Synchronization System for Power Converters under Unbalanced and Distorted Operating Conditions. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2006, Paris, France, 6-10 November 2006, pp. 5173-5178
  Google Scholar

Blaabjerg F., Jensen B. B., Kim H.: Spectral analysis of instantaneous powers in single-phase and three-phase systems with use of p-q-r theory. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 711-720, Sept. 2002.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2002.802188   Google Scholar

Blaabjerg F., Lee K.-B.: A Simple Sensorless Scheme for Induction Motor Drives Fed by a Matrix Converter Using Constant Air-Gap Flux and PQR Transformation. International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, Vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 652-662, 2007
  Google Scholar

Blaabjerg F., Liserre M., Rodríguez P., Teodorescu R., Timbus A.V.: PLL Algorithm for Power Generation Systems Robust to Grid Voltage Faults. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2006. PESC '06. 37th IEEE
  Google Scholar

Blaabjerg F., Liserre M., Teodorescu R., Timbus A.V.: Synchronization Methods for Three Phase Distributed Power Generation Systems. An Overview and Evaluation. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2005. PESC ’05. IEEE 36th 16-16 June 2005
  Google Scholar

Boaventura W. C., Campna R. P., Filho B. J., Lopes B. M., Silva S. M.: Performance evaluation of PLL algorithms for single-phase grid-connected systems. Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting. IEEE, Vol. 4
  Google Scholar

Bobrowska-Rafal M., Jasiński M., Kaźmierkowski M.P., Rafal K.: Grid synchronization and symmetrical components extraction with PLL algorithm for grid connected power electronic converters – a review. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, Vol. 59, No. 4, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10175-011-0060-8   Google Scholar

Bojoi R., Limongi L. R., Pica C., Profumo F., Tenconi A.: Analysis and Comparison of Phase Locked Loop Techniques for Grid Utility Applications. Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya, 2007. PCC '07
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PCCON.2007.373038   Google Scholar

Bose B.K.: Power Electronics and Motor Drives: Advances and Trends. Academic Press, 2010
  Google Scholar

Chung S. K.: About design of Closed-Loop 3-phase PLL - A Phase Tracking System for Three Phase Utility Interface Inverters. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 15, NO. 3, MAY 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/63.844502   Google Scholar

Cichowlas M., Kazmierkowski M. P., Malinowski M., Marques G.: New Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Boost Rectifiers under Distorted and Imbalanced Line Voltage Conditions. In Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, ISIE 2003, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 9-11 June 2003, Vol. 1, pp. 438-443
  Google Scholar

Coelho E., Novochadlo R., Silva S. A.: PLL Structures for Utility Connected Systems under Distorted Utility Conditions. IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2006
  Google Scholar

Deckmann S.M., Marafao F. P., Sperando G. S., Padue M. S.: Comparative analysis of Synchronization Algorithms based on PLL, RDFT and Kalman Filter. ISIE 2007, pp. 964-970, June 2007
  Google Scholar

Dianguo X., Weiwei L., Xueguang Z.: A novel PLL design method applied to grid fault condition. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2008. APEC 2008. Twenty-Third Annual IEEE
  Google Scholar

Finney S.J., Salamah A.M., Williams B.W.: Three-phase phase-lock loop for distorted utilities. IET Electric Power Applications, Volume 1, Issue 6, November 2007, pp. 937 – 945
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa:20070036   Google Scholar

Ghartemani M., Iravani M. R.: A method for synchronization of power electronic converters in polluted and variable-frequency environments. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Issue 3, Vol. 19, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2004.831280   Google Scholar

Ghartemani M.: A novel three-phase magnitude-phase-locked loop system. IEEE Transactions on (Volume:53 , Issue: 8 ), 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2006.879057   Google Scholar

Golestan S., Guerrero J. G., Freijedo F., Monfared M.: Design and Tuning of a Modified Power-Based PLL for Single phase grid-connected power Conditioning Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 27, Issue 8, Aug 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2183894   Google Scholar

Gomes C., Mussa S. A., Petry C. A.: Digital Control Based on DPLL of an AC Line Conditioner. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC 2008
  Google Scholar

Gu H. R., Guo X. Q., Wu W. Y.: Phase Locked loop and synchronization methods for grid-interfaced converters: a review. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny (Electrical Review), ISSN 0033-2097, R. 87 Nr 4/2011
  Google Scholar

Han Y.: On Using ADALINE Algorithm for Harmonic Estimation and Phase- Synchronization for the Grid-Connected Converters in Smart Grid Applications. 2013 Han, license InTech
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/52547   Google Scholar

Hsieh G.-C., Hung J. C.: Phase-Locked Loop Techniques-A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 43, Issue 6, 1996
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/41.544547   Google Scholar

Jarzyna W., Lipnicki P.: The Comparison of Polish Grid Codes to Certain European Standards and Resultant Differences for WPP Requirements. EPE JOINT WIND ENERGY AND T&D CHAPTERS SEMINAR, JUNE 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2013.6634748   Google Scholar

Jovcic D.: Phase Locked Loop System for FACTS. IEEE Trans. On Power Systems, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1116.1124, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2003.814885   Google Scholar

Kim H., Lee S.-J., Sul S.-K.: Reference Wave Generator in Dynamic Voltage Restorers by use of PQR Power Theory. Proc. Of APEC'04, vol. 3, pp. 1452.1457, 2004
  Google Scholar

Malko J.: SMART” W ENERGETYCE – MODA CZY KONIECZNOŚĆ? Przegląd Elektrotechniczny (Electrical Review), R. 87 Nr 6/2011
  Google Scholar

Modesto R. A., Novochadlo R., Silva S.: Single-phase PLL structure using modified p-q theory for utility connected systems. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2008. PESC 2008. IEEE
  Google Scholar

Saccomando G., Svensson J.: Transient Operation of Grid connected Voltage Source Converter Under Unbalanced Voltage Conditions. Proc. of IAS'01, vol. 4, pp. 2419.2424, 2001
  Google Scholar

Suul J.A.: Control of grid Integrated Voltage Source Converters under Unbalanced Conditions. PhD Thesis, Trondheim, March 2012
  Google Scholar

Svensson J.: Synchronization methods for grid-connected voltage source converters. Generation, Transmission and Distribution, IEE Proc. Vol. 148, Issue 3, pp. 229-235, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:20010101   Google Scholar

Instrukcja Ruchu i Eksploatacji Sieci Przesyłowej – IRiESP, PSE Operator, 1-10-2011
  Google Scholar

ENTSO-E Draft Network Code for Requirements for Grid Connection applicable to all Generators, European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, 24 January 2012 http://www.entsoe.eu
  Google Scholar

Download


Published
2013-07-24

Cited by

Lipnicki, P. (2013). SMART GRIDS – GENERAL REVIEW OF SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES. Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary W Gospodarce I Ochronie Środowiska, 3(3), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.1457

Authors

Piotr Lipnicki 
Piotr.Lipnicki86@gmail.com
Lublin University of Technology, Electrical Drive and Electrical Machines Department Poland

Statistics

Abstract views: 705
PDF downloads: 125