TILTED FIBER BRAGG GRATING SENSORS FOR REFRACTIVE INDEX MEASUREMENTS OF LIQUID SOLUTIONS
Damian Harasim
d.harasim@pollub.plLublin University of Technology, Department of Electronics and Information Technology (Poland)
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-5879
Abstract
This publication presents the basic assumptions about the light guiding mechanisms in tilted fiber Bragg gratings, transmission spectra of the fiber with such structures and their sensor properties related to the occurrence of the so-called cladding modes. The light in the form of modes coupled to the optical fiber cladding causes their spectral properties to depend on the difference in the refractive indices of the surrounding medium and the fiber cladding. With the introduction of a small inclination angle of the diffraction fringes forming the Bragg grating, the cladding modes show sensitivity to changes in the refractive index of the environment of aqueous solutions, which makes the spectrum of their applications broad. This publication presents changes in the spectra of selected modes measured for solutions with a specific refractive index, shift sensitivity, and changes in the mode transmission coefficient and processing characteristics at a selected concentration range of solutions. Experimental results show that high order cladding modes respond both by shifting the central wavelength as well as by changing the transmission minimum. In selected ranges, these parameters show a linear characteristic as a function of changes in the concentration of the cane sugar aqueous solution. In the case of TFBG with a tilt angle of 8 °, the sensitivity of wavelength changes is 0.012nm / RIU for solutions with concentrations ranging from 0% to 10% by weight.
Keywords:
Bragg gratings, tilted Bragg gratings, optical sensorsReferences
Bakaic M., Hanna M., Hnatovsky C., Grobnic D., Mihailov S., Zeisler S., Hoehr C.: Fiber-Optic Bragg Gratings for Temperature and Pressure Measurements in Isotope Production Targets for Nuclear Medicine. Applied Sciences 10, 2020, 4610 [http://doi.org/10.3390/app10134610].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134610
Google Scholar
Caucheteur C., Mégret P.: Demodulation technique for weakly tilted fiber Bragg grating refractometer. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 17(12), 2005, 27032705 [http://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2005.859411].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2005.859411
Google Scholar
Chettouh S., El-Akrmi A., Triki H., Hamaizi Y.: Spectral properties of nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings for optical communications. Optik 147, 2017, 163–169 [http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.08.08].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.08.085
Google Scholar
Erdogan T.: Fiber grating spectra. Journal of Lightwave Technology 15, 1997, 12771294 [http://doi.org/10.1109/50.618322].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/50.618322
Google Scholar
Fazzi L., Groves R. M.: Demodulation of a tilted fibre Bragg grating transmission signal using α-shape modified Delaunay triangulation. Measurement 166, 2020, 108197 [http://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108197].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108197
Google Scholar
Gong J. M., Chan C. C., Jin W., MacAlpine J. M. K., Zhang M., Liao Y. B.: Enchancement of wavelength detection accuracy in fiber Bragg grating sensors by using spectrum correlation technique. Optics Communications 212, 2002, 29–33 [http://doi.org/10.1109/OFS.2002.1000525].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01907-7
Google Scholar
Guo T., Liu F., Guan B., Albert J.: Tilted fiber grating mechanical and biochemical sensors. Optics & Laser Technology 78B, 2016, 1933 [http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.10.007].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.10.007
Google Scholar
Guo T., Tam H. Y., Albert J.: Chirped and tilted fiber Bragg grating edge filter for in-fiber sensor interrogation. Optical Society of America Science and Innovations 2011 [http://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_SI.2011.CThL3].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884956
Google Scholar
Harasim D., Yussupova G.: mprovement of FBG peak wavelength demodulation using digital signal processing algorithms. Proc. SPIE 966212, 2015, 270–276 [http://doi.org/10.1117/12.2205547].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2205547
Google Scholar
Liu F., Guo T., Liu J., Zhu X., Liu Y., Guan B., Albert J.: High-sensitive and temperature-self-calibrated tilted fiber grating biological sensing probe. Chinese Sciences Bulletin 58, 2013, 26072611 [http://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-5724-3].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-5724-3
Google Scholar
Lu Y., Shen C., Chen D., Chu J., Wang Q., Dong X.: Highly sensitive twist sensor based on tilted fiber Bragg grating of polarization-dependent properties. Optical Fiber Technology 20(5), 2014, 491494 [http://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2014.05.011].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2014.05.011
Google Scholar
Mohammed N. A., Ali T. A., Aly M. H.: Evaluation and performance enhancement for accurate FBG temperature sensor measurement with different apodization profiles in single and quasi-distributed DWDM systems. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 55, 2014, 22–34 [http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2013.10.013].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2013.10.013
Google Scholar
Ren L., Jia Z., Li H., Song G.: Design and experimental study on FBG hoop-strain sensor in pipeline monitoring. Optical Fiber Technology 20, 2014, 15–23 [http://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2013.11.004].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2013.11.004
Google Scholar
Wydra M., Kisała P., Harasim D., Kacejko P.: Overhead Transmission Line Sag Estimation Using a Simple Optomechanical System with Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings. Part 1: Preliminary Measurements. Sensors 18(1), 2018, 309 [http://doi.org/10.3390/s18010309].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010309
Google Scholar
Authors
Damian Harasimd.harasim@pollub.pl
Lublin University of Technology, Department of Electronics and Information Technology Poland
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-5879
Statistics
Abstract views: 291PDF downloads: 200
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Damian Harasim, Piotr Kisała, INTERROGATION SYSTEMS FOR MULTIPLEXED FIBER BRAGG SENSORS , Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska: Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015)