DYE PHOTOSENSITIZERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON DSSC EFFICIENCY: A REVIEW
Ewelina Krawczak
e.krawczak@pollub.plLublin University of Technology (Poland)
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-3348
Abstract
Since early 1990s dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) has been developed by many research groups all over the World. This paper presents a review of researches focusing on photosensitizer influence on DSSC efficiency. Variety of dye substance has been analyzed. The highest efficiency around 11.2% has been noted for ruthenium-based DSSC devices. Natural dyes allowed to reach 4.6%. The most metal-free organic dyes resulted in efficiency ranged from 5% to 9%, however, some of them (e.g. Y123) allowed to obtain devices with efficiencies equal to 10.3%. Co-sensitization is the new approach which results in efficiencies up to 14.3%.
Keywords:
photovoltaic cells, renewable energy sources, energy conversion, DSSCReferences
Adedokun O., Titilope K., Awodugba A.O.: Review on natural dye-sensitized solar cells review on natural dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). International Journal of Engineering Technologies 2/2016, 34–41, [DOI: 10.19072/ijet.96456].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.96456
Google Scholar
Adel R., Abdallah T., Moustafa Y.M., Al-sabagh A.M., Talaat, H.:
Google Scholar
Effect of polymer electrolyte on the performance of natural dye sensitized solar cells. Superlattices and Microstructures 86/2015, 62–67, [DOI: 10.1016/j.spmi.2015.07.024].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2015.07.024
Google Scholar
Ahmad S., Guillén E., Kavan L., Grätzel M., Nazeeruddin M.K.: Metal free sensitizer and catalyst for dye sensitized solar cells. Energy & Environmental Science 6/2013, 3439–3466, [DOI: 10.1039/C3EE41888J].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee41888j
Google Scholar
Ayalew W.A., Ayele D.W.: Dye-sensitized solar cells using natural dye as light-harvesting materials extracted from Acanthus sennii chiovenda flower and Euphorbia cotinifolia leaf. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices 1/2016, 488–494, [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2016.10.003].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2016.10.003
Google Scholar
Bakr N., Ali A., Jassim S., Hassoon K.: Effect of N719 Dye Concentration on the Conversion Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 29/2017, 274–280 [DOI: 10.21271/ZJPAS.29.s4.31].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.29.s4.31
Google Scholar
Bessho T., Constable E.C., Graetzel M., Redondo A.H., Housecroft C.E., Kylberg W., Nazeeruddin M.K., Neuburgerb M., Schaffner S.: An element of surprise—efficient copper-functionalized dye-sensitized solar cells. Chemical Communications 32/2008, 3717–3719, [ DOI: 10.1039/B808491B].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/b808491b
Google Scholar
Blaschke T., Biberacher M., Gadocha S., Schardinger I.: ‘Energy landscapes’: Meeting energy demands and human aspirations. Biomass and Bioenergy 55/ 2013, 3–16, [DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.11.022].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.11.022
Google Scholar
Calogero G., Yum J.-H., Sinopoli A., Di Marco G., Gratzel M., Nazeeruddin M. K.: Anthocyanins and betalains as light-harvesting pigments for dye-sensitized solar cells. Solar Energy 86/2012, 1563–1575, [DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2012.02.018].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.02.018
Google Scholar
Chang H., Lo Y.-J.: Pomegranate leaves and mulberry fruit as natural sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. Solar Energy 84/2010, 1833–1837, [DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2010.07.009].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.07.009
Google Scholar
Chiba Y., Islam A., Watanabe Y., Komiya R., Koide N., Han, L.: Dye-sensitized solar cells with conversion efficiency of 11.1%. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 45/2006, 24–28, [DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.45.L638].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.45.L638
Google Scholar
De Angelis F., Fantacci S., Mosconi E., Nazeeruddin M.K., Grätzel M.: Absorption Spectra and Excited State Energy Levels of the N719 Dye on TiO2 in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Models. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115/211, 8825–8831, [DOI: 10.1021/jp111949a].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp111949a
Google Scholar
Dobrzański L.A., Szindler M.M., Szindler M., Dudek A., Krawiec K.: The influence of natural and synthetic dyes on the absorbance of nanocrystalline TiO2 used in dye sensitized solar cells. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 69/2015, 53–58.
Google Scholar
Durrant J.R., Haque S.A., Palomares E.: Towards Optimisation of Electron Transfer Processes in Dye Sensitised Solar Cells. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 248/2004, 1247–1257, [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.03.014].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2004.03.014
Google Scholar
Funaki T., Yanagida M., Onozawa-Komatsuzaki N., Kawanishi Y., Kasuga K.,, Sugihara H.: A 2-quinolinecarboxylate-substituted ruthenium(II) complex as a new type of sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells. Inorganica Chimica Acta 362/2009, 2519–2522, [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.10.019].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2008.10.019
Google Scholar
Ghann W., Kang H., Sheikh T., Yadav S., Chavez-Gil T., Nesbitt F., Uddin J.: Fabrication, Optimization and Characterization of Natural Dye Sensitized Solar Cell. Scientific Reports 7/2017, 1–12, [DOI: 10.1038/srep41470].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41470
Google Scholar
Hemmatzadeh R., Jamali A.: Enhancing the optical absorption of anthocyanins for dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 7/2015, [DOI: 10.1063/1.4907599].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907599
Google Scholar
Iqbal M.Z., Ali S.R., Khan S.: Progress in dye sensitized solar cell by incorporating natural photosensitizers. Solar Energy 181/2019, 490–509, [DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.023].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.023
Google Scholar
Jackson P., Wuerz R., Hariskos D., Lotter E., Witte W., Powalla M.: Effects of heavy alkali elements in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with efficiencies up to 22.6%. Physica Status Solidi 10/2016, 583–586, [DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201600199].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201600199
Google Scholar
Jonathan E., Onimisi M.Y., Eli D.: Natural pigments as sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells. Advances in Materials 5/2016, 31–34, [DOI: 10.11648/j.am.20160505.11].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20160505.11
Google Scholar
Kabir F., Sakib S.N., Matin N.: Stability study of natural green dye based DSSC. Optik 181/2019, 458–464, [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.12.077].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.12.077
Google Scholar
Kakiage K., Aoyama Y., Yano T., Oya K., Fujisawa J.-I., Hanaya M.: Highly-efficient dye-sensitized solar cells with collaborative sensitization by silyl-anchor and carboxy-anchor dyes, Chemical Communications 51/2015, 15894–15897, [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06759f].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC06759F
Google Scholar
Krawczak E., Zdyb A.: The influence of the dye adsorption time on the DSSC performance. E3S Web of Conferences 100/2019, [DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201910000040].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000040
Google Scholar
Kumar, R., Sharma, A.K., Parmar, V.S., Watterson, A.C., Chittibabu, K.G., Kumar, J., Samuelson, L.A.: Flexible, dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells employing biocatalytically synthesized polymeric electrolytes. Chemistry of Materials 16/2004, 4841–4846, [DOI: 10.1021/cm0496568].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0496568
Google Scholar
Lee C.-P., Lin R. Y.-Y., Lin L.-Y., Li C.-T., Chu T.-C., Sun S.-S, Lin J. T., Ho K.-C.: Recent progress in organic sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Advances 5/2015, 23810–23825, [DOI: 10.1039/C4RA16493H].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA16493H
Google Scholar
Lee K. E., Gomez M. A., Elouatik S., Demopoulos G. P.: Further Understanding of the Adsorption Mechanism of N719 Sensitizer on Anatase TiO2 Films for DSSC Applications Using Vibrational Spectroscopy and Confocal Raman Imaging. Langmuir 26/2010, 9575–9583, [DOI: 10.1021/la100137u].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/la100137u
Google Scholar
Li W., Lv F., Shu T., Tan X., Jiang L., Xiao T., Xiang P.: Improving the performance of FTO conducting glass by SiO2 and ZnO anti-reflection films for dye-sensitized solar cells. Materials Letters 243/2019, 108–111, [DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.01.158].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.01.158
Google Scholar
Mahmood A.: Triphenylamine based dyes for dye sensitized solar cells: a review. Solar Energy 123/2016, 127–144, [DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.11.015].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.11.015
Google Scholar
Mallick A., Basak D.: Revisiting the electrical and optical transmission properties of co-doped ZnO thin films as n-type TCOs. Progress in Materials Science 96/2018, 86–110, [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.03.004].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.03.004
Google Scholar
Manmeeta, Dhiraj S., Sharma G.D., Roy M.S: Improved performance of oxidized Alizarin based Quasi solid state Dye Sensitized solar cell by Surface Treatment. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences 2/2012, 61–71.
Google Scholar
Mathew S., Yella A., Gao P., Humphry-Baker R., Curchod B.F., Ashari-Astani N., Tavernelli I., Rothlisberger U., Nazeeruddin M.K., Gratzel M.: Dye-sensitizedsolar cells with 13% efficiency achieved through the molecular engineering of porphyrin sensitizers. Nature Chemistry 6/2014, 242–247, [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1861].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1861
Google Scholar
Mehmood, U., Rahman, S.-U., Harrabi, K., Hussein, I.A., Reddy, B.: Recent advances in dye sensitized solar cells. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014, 1–12, [DOI: 10.1155/2014/974782].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/974782
Google Scholar
O’Regan B., Grätzel M.: A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature 353/1991, 737–740, [DOI: 10.1038/353737a0].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/353737a0
Google Scholar
Polo A.S., Itokazu M.K., Iha N.Y.M.: Metal complex sensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 248/2004, 1343–1361, [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.04.013].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2004.04.013
Google Scholar
Roslan N., Ya'acob M.E., Radzi M.A.M., Hashimoto Y., Jamaludin D., Chen G.: Dye Sensitized SolarCell (DSSC) greenhouse shading: New insights for solar radiation manipulation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 92/2018, 171–186, [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.095].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.095
Google Scholar
Saini R. K., Kadyan P. S., Singh J., Bhagwan S., Singh D.: Fabrication and Photovoltaic Characteristics of Alizarin Dye Based DSSCs. Der Pharma Chemica 11/ 2019, 43–48 [ISSN 0975-413X].
Google Scholar
Sawhney N., Raghav A., Satapathi S.: Utilization of Naturally Occurring Dyes as Sensitizers in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 7/2016, 539–544, [DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2016.2639343].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2016.2639343
Google Scholar
Shelke R.S., Thombre S.B., Patrikar S.R.: Status and perspectives of dyes used in dye sensitized solar cells. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research 3/2013, 54–61.
Google Scholar
Shikoh A. S., Ahmad Z., Touati F., Shakoor R.A., Al-Muhtaseb S. A.: Optimization of ITO glass/TiO2 based DSSC photo-anodes through electrophoretic deposition and sintering techniques. Ceramics International 43/2017, 10540–10545, [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.05.113].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.05.113
Google Scholar
Singh A.M.B.G., Durai A., Murugeasan S.: Evaluation of Colour and Stability of Anthocyanin in Red Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L). International Journal of Advanced Life Sciences 5/2012, 137–144.
Google Scholar
Syafinar R., Gomesh N., Irwanto M., Fareq M., Irwan Y.M.: Chlorophyll pigments as nature based dye for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Energy Procedia 79/2015, 896–902, [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.584].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.584
Google Scholar
Taya S.A., El-Agez T.M., El-Ghamri H.S., Abdel-Latif M.S.: Dye-sensitized solar cells using fresh and dried natural dyes. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications 2/2013, 37–42, [DOI: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.11].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.11
Google Scholar
Taya S.A., El-Agez T.M., Elferi K.S.: Dye-sensitized solar cells based on dyes extracted from dried plant leaves. Turkish Journal of Physics 39/2015, 24–30, [DOI: 10.3906/fiz-1312-12].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-1312-12
Google Scholar
Tennakone K., Bandara J.: Photocatalytic activity of dye-sensitized tin(IV) oxide nanocrystalline particles attached to zinc oxide particles: long distance electron transfer via ballistic transport of electrons across nanocrystallites. Applied Catalysis A General 208/2001, 335–341, [DOI: 10.1016/S0926-860X(00)00738-9].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(00)00738-9
Google Scholar
Tributsch H.: Reaction of excited chlorophyll molecules at electrodes and in photosynthesis. Journal of Photo-chemistry and Photobiology 16/1972, 261–269, [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1972.tb06297.x].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1972.tb06297.x
Google Scholar
Tsao H.N., Burschka J., Yi C., Kessler F., Nazeeruddin M.K., Grätzel M.: Influence of the interfacial charge-transfer resistance at the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells employing cobalt redox shuttles. Energy & Environmental Science 4/2011, 4921–4924, [DOI: 10.1039/C1EE02389F].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee02389f
Google Scholar
Türkay B.E., Telli A.Y.: Economic Analysis of Stand Alone and Grid Connected Hybrid Energy Systems. Renewable Energy 36/2011, 1931–1943, [DOI: 10.12691/ajme-4-5-3].
Google Scholar
Wang X.-F., Zhan C.-H., Maoka T., Wada Y., Koyama Y.: Fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells using chlorophylls c1 and c2 and their oxidized forms c1′ and c2′ from Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame). Chemical Physics Letters 447/2007, 79–85, [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.097].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.097
Google Scholar
Wei D.: Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11/2010, 1103–1113, [DOI: 10.3390/ijms11031103].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11031103
Google Scholar
Yella A., Lee H.-W., Tsao H.N., Yi C., Chandiran A K., Nazeeruddin Md.K., Diau E.W.-G., Yeh C.-Y., Zakeeruddin S.M., Grätzel M.: Porphyrin-Sensitized Solar Cells with Cobalt (II/III)–Based Redox Electrolyte Exceed 12 Percent Efficiency. Science 334/2011, 629–634, [DOI: 10.1126/science.1209688].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209688
Google Scholar
Yoshikawa K., Kawasaki H., Yoshida W., Irie T., Konishi K., Nakano K., Uto T., Adachi D., Kanematsu M., Uzu H., Yamamoto K.: Silicon heterojunction solar cell with interdigitated back contacts for a photoconversion efficiency over 26%. Nature Energy 2/2017, 1–8, [DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.32].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.32
Google Scholar
Zhang D., Lanier S.M., Downing J.A., Avent J.L., Lum J., McHale J.L.: Betalain pigments for dyesensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 195/2008, 72–80, [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.07.038].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.07.038
Google Scholar
Zhang S., Yang X., Numata Y., Han L.: Highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells: progress and future challenges. Energy & Environmental Science 6/2013,1443–1464, [DOI: 10.1039/C3EE24453A].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee24453a
Google Scholar
Eurepean Commisssion Statement, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-18-4155_en.htm [01.08.2019].
Google Scholar
International Energy Agency, Executive Summary, 2018, IEA Publications, https://webstore.iea.org/download/summary/190?fileName=English-WEO-2018-ES.pdf [01.08.2019].
Google Scholar
Authors
Ewelina Krawczake.krawczak@pollub.pl
Lublin University of Technology Poland
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-3348
Statistics
Abstract views: 778PDF downloads: 561
License
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Ewelina Krawczak, BAPV SYSTEM MODELING FOR THE SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE: A CASE STUDY , Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska: Vol. 10 No. 3 (2020)