Douala – a City of Lost Hopes? Consequences of Decolonisation in Africa versus Sustainable Development
Marta Dorenda-Zaborowicz
ul. Łyskoweskiego 13c/117, 87-100 Toruń (Poland)
Abstract
One of the most important consequences of decolonisation is instability of political systems in post-colonial States, which evokes further results. Amongst them there are deep economical problems, hampering development and deepening the disproportions between Northern and Southern part of the world. These disproportions are marked the most in Africa. The continent experiences an exceptionally significant problem – rapid urbanisation. The cities expand and the suburbs are inhabited by the citizens of very low income, therefore their quality of living is extremely low as well. Fulfilling basic human rights, such as access to education, healthcare or clean water becomes the problem. The system of social care does not exist, whilst family traditions, which had been replacing it for several years, have been expelled by eastern-European model of city life – atomisation, focus on income, concurrence. Regardless of the region of Africa, similar problems appear in almost all the big cities on its territory.
Keywords:
decolonization, development, access to drinking water, sanitation problems, transport, social networksReferences
BANK ŚWIATOWY, 2004, Poverty and Urban Mobility in Douala. Final Report, http://www4.worldbank.org.afr/ssatp/Resources/Paper Notes/Douala_en.pdf.
Google Scholar
BROOKE J., 1987, Informal Capitalism Grows in Cameroon, in: New York Times, nr 31, s. 21-22.
Google Scholar
Colloque Villes et économie informelle, Bamako 2002, http://www.aimf.asso.fr/upload/uploads/File/economie_informelle/155320_douala_rues_pietonnes.pdf.
Google Scholar
ELATE S. S., African Urban History in the Future, w: Globalization and Urbanization in Africa, red. Salm S., Falola T., Africa World Press, Trenton 2004, s. 54-62.
Google Scholar
GAWOR L., 2010, Filozofia zrównoważonego rozwoju – preliminaria, w: Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems of Sustainable Development, vol. 5 no 2, s. 69-76.
Google Scholar
GURTOWSKI S., Green Economy Idea – Limits, Perspectives, Implications, w: Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems of Sustainable Development, vol. 6 no 1, s. 75-82.
Google Scholar
HUETING Z.R., Environmentally Sustainable National Income, w: Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems of Sustainable Development, vol. 6 no 1, s. 31-56.
Google Scholar
KOWALCZAK P., Urbanizacja a problemy wodne miast z perspektywy miast krajów rozwijających się, http://kropla2010.eko.org.pl/index.php?dzial=2&kat=10&art=10&limit=0.
Google Scholar
LAMBI C. M., HOMBE L. F., Environmental Hazards and Landuse Planning for Sustainable Development: the Douala Unstable Coastal Region, w: Instability: Planning and Management, red. Macinnes R. G., Jakeways J., Thomas Telford, London 2002, s. 118-134.
Google Scholar
PROKOPCZUK J., Historia Afryki w zarysie, PZWS, Warszawa 1964.
Google Scholar
REDCLIFT M.R., 2009, Sustainable Development, in: Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems of Sustainable Development, vol. 4 no 1, s. 33-50.
Google Scholar
ROGERS, S. The Top 50 most expensive cities, “Data Blog”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2009/jul/07/global-economy-economics, 2009.
Google Scholar
ROSZKOWSKI W., Półwiecze. Historia polityczna świata po 1945 roku, WSiP, Warszawa 2005.
Google Scholar
SANCHÈZ A., 2008, Perspectives and problems in Sustainable Development, in: Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems of Sustainable Development, vol. 3 no 2, s. 21-23.
Google Scholar
SIMONE A. M., For the City Yet to Come: Changing African Life in Four Cities, Duke University Press, Durham 2004.
Google Scholar
SZYMAŃSKI B., Dekolonizacja Afryki, http://historia.gazeta.pl/historia/1,98741,6518094,Dekolonizacja_Afryki.html
Google Scholar
TUZIAK A., 2010, Socio-Economic Aspects of Sustainable Development, in: Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems of Sustainable Development, vol. 5 no 2, s. 39-49.
Google Scholar
Authors
Marta Dorenda-Zaborowiczul. Łyskoweskiego 13c/117, 87-100 Toruń Poland
Statistics
Abstract views: 4PDF downloads: 2
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
