Towards the Sustainability of Urban Development
Wiesław Sztumski
42-200 Częstochowa, ul. Okólna 89F (Poland)
Abstract
The paper concerns the social ecology of the city. It shows the different types of threats which metropolitan environment creates for citizens: lifestyle, social dissonance, security, management, enslavement, architectural weariness, identity, aesthetics, artificiality, self-government and democracy. Modern cities having certain advantages are also the source of evil. Stopping their further development is impossible, but one must strive to transform them into cities which are really for people. This is a huge challenge for a variety of specialists, also for philosophers. One can realize it, if one harmonizes the structure of the city with its functions and if one respect in the same measure the economic, social and ecological criteria by planning the further development of the cities.
Keywords:
city, urbanization, social ecology of the city, sustainable development, difficulties of life in the cityReferences
BORNEBUSCH J. PH., Vernetzte Welt. Moderne Technologien machen Städte lebenswerter, aber auch anfälliger, http://www.wissenschaft-online.de/aretikel/1035613&_z=859070, 9.6.2010 (11.09.1012).
Google Scholar
Das Jahrhundert der Städte, http://www.planeterde.de, 19.06.2009 (23.08.2012).
Google Scholar
Die Stadt der Zukunft, in: ZEIT–Wissen-magazin, Mai 2009, http://www.zeit.de/online/2009/06/ArchitekturZukunft (15.09.2012).
Google Scholar
FONKEN L.K., XU X., WEIL Z. M., CHEN G., SUN Q., RAJAGOPALAN S. and N., 2011, Air pollution impairs cognition, provokes depressive-like behaviors and alters hippocampal cytokine expression and morphology, in: Molecular Psychiatry, July 5.
Google Scholar
HARVEY D., Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution, Bęc Zmiana, Warszawa 2012.
Google Scholar
ILLIES Ch., 2009, Architektur als Philosophie – Philosophie der Architektur. Essay, in: Das Parlament - Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 25/15.06.2009.
Google Scholar
JACOBS J., The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Elements of the city ecology: three processes, New York 1993.
Google Scholar
KLETT, http://www.klett.de/sixcms/list.php?page=geo_infothek&node=Stadttypen (24.08. 2012).
Google Scholar
KOHR L., Probleme der Stadt, Salzburg 2008, (08.07.2012).
Google Scholar
KRAAS F., EU Commerce. Business Development in the European Union, 2009.
Google Scholar
LACHAUER C., Die Welt als gigantische Mega-City?, in: Zentrum für angewandte Politikforschung, München 2005.
Google Scholar
LENZ M., 2010, Schlaue Systeme und Faktor Mensch. Wie urbane Zentren in Zukunft verwaltet werden sollen, in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. Die Wissenschaftszeitung im Internet, 27.08.2010 (28.08.2012).
Google Scholar
LIEBESKIND D., 2010, Interview: A star architect on livable cities, in: Pictures of the Future. The Magazine for Research and Innovation, Spring.
Google Scholar
LINGENHöHL D., Planet Stadt, in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. Die Wissenschaftszeitung im Internet (3.05.2010).
Google Scholar
MAKOWSKA L., GERWIN M., O Tezach o Mieście i demokracji w działaniu, in: Nasze Prawo do Miasta, http://www.my-poznaniacy.org/index.php/kongres-miejski/123-opinie-i-opracowania/670-o-tezach-o-miescie-i-demokracji-w-dzialaniu (23.09.2012).
Google Scholar
MEYER-LINDBERG A., 2012, Die Seelennöte der Stadtmenschen, in: Gehirn & Geist, Nr. 1-2, p. 12.
Google Scholar
METZLER B., 2012, Besserverdienende sollen Wohnung abgeben, in: Tages-Anzeiger, Zürich (20.01.2012).
Google Scholar
NIEMELA J., Ecology and urban planning, Biodiversity and Conservation, New York 1999.
Google Scholar
PETKOWICZ P., Vanitas czy venustas, http://suw.biblos.pk.edu.pl/resources/i1/i2/r12445/SetkowiczP_Vanitasenustas.pdf (10.09. 2012).
Google Scholar
RIESMAN D., DENNEY R. & GLAZER N., The lonely crowd: a study of the changing American character, Yale Univ. Press, New Heaven 1950.
Google Scholar
ROWE S., 2000, The Ecology of Cities, in The Structurist No. 39/40.
Google Scholar
SZTUMSKI W., 2006a, The Turbo-World and the Deceleration Principle, in: Problemy Ekorozwoju/ Problems of Sustainable Development, vol. 1 no 1, p. 49-57.
Google Scholar
SZTUMSKI W., 2006b, The idea of sustainable development and possibility of its realization, in: Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems Of Sustainable Development, vol. 1, no 2, p. 73-76.
Google Scholar
SZTUMSKI W., 2011, Jak kształtować świadomość dla potrzeb ekologii i trwałego rozwoju?, w: Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems of Sustainable Development, vol 6 no 1, p. 162-166.
Google Scholar
SZTUMSKI W., Life world in quickly changed and condensed social space-time, in: The human being and the city, ed. Toro de P., Naples 2000, http://www.unisobna.it (CD-ROM).
Google Scholar
WASIECZKO A. M., Bunt Miast przed nami? in: Obiegi, http://www.obieg.pl/książki/25704 (5.01. 2013).
Google Scholar
World Urban Areas Population And Density: A 2012 Update, http://www.newgeography.com/content/002808-world-urban-areas-population-and-density-a-2012-update (22.09.2012).
Google Scholar
ZUKIN S., Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Place, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2009.
Google Scholar
Authors
Wiesław Sztumski42-200 Częstochowa, ul. Okólna 89F Poland
Statistics
Abstract views: 13PDF downloads: 8
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
