Sustainable Mitigation of Methane Emission by Natural Processes
Article Sidebar
Open full text
Main Article Content
Authors
Abstract
It has been observed that employing the natural processes occurring in the Earth’s ecosystem for mitigating the greenhouse gases emission is sustainable. One of the main sources of methane emission is agriculture (rice cultivation and livestock raising). Limiting the cultivation of rice would not be sustainable, as it is the basic source of alimentation for a large share of human population. On the other hand, introducing feed additives which limit the methane production in rumens can be considered sustainable. Another significant source of methane emission are landfills. Utilizing this gas for energy purposes is the most sustainable solution. However, as only part of methane can be used as the source of energy, the natural process of methane oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria occurring in soil may contribute to sustainable reduction of its emissions from landfills.
Keywords:
References
ALUMAI A., SALMINEN S., RICHMOND D., CARDINA J., GREWAL P., 2009, Comparative evaluation of aesthetic, biological, and economic effectiveness of different lawn management programs, in: Urban Ecosystem, vol. 12, no 2, p. 127-144.
BALLING, J. D., AND FALK, J. H., 1982, Development of visual preference for natural environments, in: Environment and Behavior, vol. 14, p. 5-28.
BEARD J.B., GREEN R.L., 1994, The role of turfgrass in environmental protection and their benefit to humans, in: Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 23, p. 452-460.
BORMANN F H., DIANA B., GORDON T. G., 1993, Redesigning the American lawn, Yale University Press, New Haven.
CARSON R., 1962, Silent Spring, Houghton Mifflin.
CLAYTON S., 2007, Domesticated nature: Motivations for gardening and perceptions of environmental impact, in: Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 27, p. 215-224.
DANIELS S., 1995, The green lawn handbook, Macmillan, New York.
DEAN M., 1986, In Search of the Perfect Lawn, Black Moss Press, , Windsor, ON, p. 37.
DOMENE E., SAURI D., 2007, Urbanization and class-produced natures: Vegetable gardens in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region, in: Geoforum, vol. 38, p. 287-298.
EMMONS R., and THOMAS R. D., 2007, Turfgrass Science and Management – Fourth Edition, in: Delmar Learning, (800) 354-9706, http://www.delmarlearning.com.
FEAGAN R B., RIPMEESTER M., 1999, Contesting naturalized lawns: a geography of private green space in the Niagra region, in: Urban Geography, vol. 20, no 7, p. 617-634.
FELDMAN T. D., JONAS A. E. G., 2000, Sage scrub revolution? Property rights, political fragmentation, and conservation planning in Southern California under the federal endangered species act, in: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 90, no 2, p. 256-292.
GIGLIOTTI C. M., JARROTT S. E., 2005, Effects of horticulture therapy on engagement and affect, in: Canadian Journal on Aging, vol. 24, p. 367-377.
HATCH P. J., 1971, Thomas Jefferson's Flower Garden at Monticello, University of Virginia Press; 3rd edition.
HEAD L., MUIR P., 2007, Backyard: Nature and Culture in Suburban Australia, University of Wollongong Press with Halstead Press.
HOEBEL A., 1996, Anthropology: Study of Man. McGraw-Hill, 3rd edition, New York.
JACKSON K. T., 1985, Crabgrass Frontier-The Suburbanization of the United States, Oxford University Press, New York.
JENKINS V. S., 1994, A green velvety carpet: The front lawn in America, in: Journal of American Culture, vol. 17, no 3, p. 43-47.
JENKINS V. S., 1994, The Lawn: A History of an American Obsession, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London.
JOHNSON K., 1999, English landscape gardens in the 1700s: The history of English garden design from classical to natural style, in: Garden Design, July 1999.
KAUFMAN A. J., LOHR, V. I., 2002, Where the lawn mower stops: The social construction of alternative front yard ideologies, in C.A. Shoemaker (Ed.) Interaction by design: bringing people and plants together for health and wellbeing, Iowa State Press, Iowa.
KAYS et al., DROHAN J., DOWNING A., FINLEY, J., 2006, The Woods in Your Backyard: Learning to Create and Enhance Natural Areas Around Your Home, Ithaca, Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service, New York.
KENNEDY M., 2000, The evolution of the lawn mower, in: Grounds Maintenance, vol. 35, no 5, p. 16-20.
KONOPACKI S., AKBARI H., 2002, Energy Savings for Heat Island Reduction Strategies in Chicago and Houston (Including Updates for Baton Rouge, Sacramento, and Salt Lake City), Paper LBNL-49638. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.
LANDRIGAN P. J., GARG A., 2002, Chronic Effects of Toxic Environmental Exposures on Children's Health, in: Journal of Toxicology –Clinical Toxicology, vol. 40, no 4, p. 449-456.
LARSON K. L., CASAGRANDE D., HARLAN S. L., YABIKU S. T., 2009, Residents’ Yard Choices and Rationales in a Desert City: Social Priorities, Ecological Impacts, and Decision Tradeoffs, in: Environmental Management, vol. 44, p. 921-937.
LEWIS C. A., Gardening as healing process, in M. Francis, and R. T. Hester Jr. (Eds.), 1990, The meaning of gardens, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, p. 244-251.
LUC M., 2014, Placing the idea of sustainable landscape in ecophilosophy, in: Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems Of Sustainable Development, vol. 9, no 1, p. 81-88.
LUSH W.M., ROGERS M.E., 1992, Cutting height and the biomass and tiller density of Lolium perenne amenity turfs, in: Journal of Applied Ecology 29:611–618.
PAWUL M., SOBCZYK W., 2011, Ecological Education in Waste Management as a Tool for The Implementation of Sustainable Development, in: Problemy Ekorozwoju/Problems Of Sustainable Development, vol. 6, no 1, p. 147-156.
MANCA J., 2012, George Washington's Eye: Landscape, Architecture, and Design at Mount Vernon, Johns Hopkins University Press.
MELYAYEV M., 2002, The adverse effects of green lawns, http://83.149.74.79/refs/29/33443/1.html (21.04.2009).
MEYER M., BEHE B., AND HEILIG J., 2001, The Environmental and Economic Impact of Home Lawns in Minnesota, in: Horticulture Technology, vol. 11, p. 585-590.
MILESI C, RUNNING S. W., ELVIDGE C. D., DIETZ J. B., TUTTLE B. T., NEMANI R. R., 2005, Mapping and modeling the biochemical cycling of turfgrass in the United States, in: Environ Management, vol. 36, p. 426-438.
NASSAUER J. I.,, 1997a, The beauty that requires health, in: Nassauer J.I. (Ed.): Placing nature: Culture and landscape ecology, Island Press, Washington, D. C., p.87-106.
NASSAUER J. I., 1997b, Cultural sustainability: Aligning aesthetics and ecology, Island Press, Washington, D. C.
NASSAUER J. I., 1995, Messy ecosystems, orderly frames, in: Landscape Journal, vol. 14, no 2, p. 161-170.
NASSAUER J. I., 1988, The aesthetics of horticulture: Neatness as a form of care, in: HortScience, vol. 23, no 6, p. 973-977.
National Turfgrass Federation, 2003, The turfgrass industry – present and future. The National Turfgrass Research Initiative. National Turfgrass Federation, Beltsville, Maryland, p. 5-7.
NELSON R. H., 2002, Privatizing the neighborhood: A proposal to replace zoning with private collective property rights to existing neighborhoods, in: Beito D. T., Gordon P. and Tabarrok A. (eds.), The voluntary city: Choice, community, and civil society, The University of Michigan Press, Michigan.
POLLAN M., 1989, Why mow? The case against lawns, in: The New York Times Magazine, vol. 28, May, p. 23-27.
ROBBINS P., BIRKENHOLTZ T., 2003, Turfgrass revolution: the ecology of urban sprawl, in: Land Use Policy, vol. 20, p. 181-194. .
ROBBINS P., AND BIRKENHOLTZ T., 2003, Turfgrass revolution: Measuring the expansion of the American lawn, in: Land Use Policy, vol. 20, p. 181-194.
ROBBINS P., POLDERMAN A. M., BIRKENHOLTZ T., 2002, Lawns and toxins: an ecology of the city. , in: Cities, vol. 18, no 6, p. 369-380.
SCOTT F. J., 1873, The Art of Beautifying Suburban Home Grounds of Small Extent, New York, D. Appleton & Co.
SHUMAN L. M., 2002, Phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen in runoff following fertilizer application to turfgrass, in: Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 31, no 5, p. 1710.
STEINBERG T., 2006, American Green-The obsessive quest for the perfect lawn. New York, W.W. Norton and Company.
SUN G. AND LOCKABY B. G., Chapter 3: Water quantity and quality at the urban-rural interface, in: Laband D. N., Lockaby B. G. and Zipperer W. (eds.): Urban-Rural Interfaces: Linking People and Nature, American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI 2012, p. 26-45.
TAHVANAINEN L., TYRVÄINENA L., IHALAINEN M., VUORELA N., KOLEHMAINEN O., 2001, Forest management and public perceptions – visual versus verbal information, in: Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 53, p. 53-70.
TRIGGER D., MULCOCK J., GAYNOR A., TOUSSAINT Y., 2008, Ecological restoration, cultural preferences and the negotiation of ‘nativeness’ in Australia, in: Geoforum, vol. 39, p. 1273–1283.
US Senate, 1991, The use and regulation of lawn care chemicals, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Toxic Substances, Environmental Oversight, Research and Development, Senate Hearing 101-685, Washington, D.C.
USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 199, Preliminary Data Summary of Urban Stormwater Best Management Practices.
VEBLEN T., 1899, The Theory of the Leisure Class. Macmillan, New York.
WALDICHUK T., 1998, A comparison of Japanese and North American attitudes towards residential landscapes in the rural-urban fringe, in: The Great Lakes Geographer, vol. 5, no 1 and 2 p. 15–29.
WEIGERT A. J., 1994, Lawns of weeds: Status in opposition to life, in: The American Sociologist, vol. 84, no 1, p. 80-96.
WILSON A., 1992, The culture of nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the Exxon Valdez, Blackwell, Cambridge.
ZHENG B., ZHANG Y., CHEN J, 2011, Preferences to home landscape: wildness vs. neatness, in: Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 99, p. 1-8.
Article Details
Abstract views: 20
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.