The Effect of Air Pollution on Fertility Intentions
Yunrong Li
School of Economics and Management, Dali University. Hongsheng Road 2, Dali Ancient City, 671003, Yunnan, China (China)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-3401
Abstract
Together with fast economic growths in recent decades and subsequent environmental pollutions, fertility rates have declined dramatically in China. Considering fertility intention is an essential predictor for fertility rate, we examine the effect of air pollution on fertility intentions in China. Using data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) collected in 2010 and 2013, we find a negative and significant impact of air pollution on people’s fertility intentions. More importantly, after we restrict the sample to people who have been living in current places for a long period of time, the estimated effect of air pollution decreases but remains significant, indicating existence of endogeneity of air pollution on fertility intentions. For the government to take measures to raise fertility rates in China, it is important to take into account the factor of air pollution.
Keywords:
air pollution, fertility intentionsReferences
ARNOCKY S., DUPUIS D., STROINK M.L., 2012, Environmental concern and fertility intentions among Canadian university students, in: Population and Environment, 34(2), p. 279-292.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-011-0164-y
Google Scholar
BUOLI M., GRASSI S., CALDIROLI A., CARNEVALI G. S., MUCCI F., IODICE S., CANTONE L., PERGOLI L., BOLLATI V., 2018, Is there a link between air pollution and mental disorders?, in: Environment international, 118, p. 154-168.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.044
Google Scholar
CHATTOPADHYAY P., SOM B., MUKHOPADHYAY P., 1995, Air pollution and health hazards in human subjects: Physiological and self-report indices, in: Journal of environmental Psychology, 15(4), p. 327-331.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1995.0029
Google Scholar
FRUTOS V., GONZALEZ-COMADRAN M., SOLA I., JACQUEMIN B., CARRERAS R., CHECA VIZCAINO M.A., 2015, Impact of air pollution on fertility: a systematic review, in: Gynecological Endocrinology, 31(1), p. 7-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2014.958992
Google Scholar
GHIMIRE D. J., MOHAI P., 2005, Environmentalism and contraceptive use: How people in less developed settings approach environmental issues, in: Population and Environment, 27(1), p. 29-61.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-005-0012-z
Google Scholar
GUO W., TAN Y., YIN X., SUN A., 2019, Impact of PM2. 5 on Second Birth Intentions of China’s Floating Population in a Low Fertility Context, in: International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(21), p. 4293.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214293
Google Scholar
KIM Y., MYUNG W., WON H.-H., SHIM S., JEON H.J., CHOI J., CARROLL B.J., KIM D.K., 2015, Association between air pollution and suicide in South Korea: a nationwide study, in: PloS one, 10(2).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117929
Google Scholar
MAISONET M., CORREA A., MISRA D., JAAKKOLA J.J., 2004, A review of the literature on the effects of ambient air pollution on fetal growth, in: Environmental research, 95(1), p. 106-115.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2004.01.001
Google Scholar
NIEUWENHUIJSEN M. J., BASAGAÑA X., DADVAND P., MARTINEZ D., CIRACH M., BEELEN R., JACQUEMIN B., 2014), Air pollution and human fertility rates, in: Environment international, 70, p. 9-14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.005
Google Scholar
PERERA F. P., TANG D., WANG S., VISHNEVETSKY J., ZHANG B., DIAZ D., CAMANN D., RAUH V., 2012, Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and child behavior at age 6-7 years, in: Environmental health perspectives, 120(6), p. 921-926.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104315
Google Scholar
RICH D. Q., LIU K., ZHANG J., THURSTON S.W., STEVENS T.P., PAN Y., KANE C., WEINBERGER W., OHMAN-STRICKLAND P., WOODRUFF T.J. ET AL., 2015, Differences in birth weight associated with the 2008 Beijing Olympics air pollution reduction: results from a natural experiment, in: Environmental health perspectives, 123(9), 880-887.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408795
Google Scholar
SCHOEN R., ASTONE N.M., KIM Y.J., NATHANSON C.A., FIELDS J.M., 1999, Do fertility intentions affect fertility behavior?, in: Journal of Marriage and the Family, p. 790-799.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/353578
Google Scholar
STIEB D. M., CHEN L., ESHOUL M., JUDEK S., 2012, Ambient air pollution, birth weight and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis, in: Environmental research, 117, p. 100-111.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.05.007
Google Scholar
WONG C. M., LAI H.K., TSANG H., THACH T.Q., THOMAS G.N., LAM K.B.H., CHAN K.P., YANG L., LAU A.K., AYRES J.G. ET AL., 2015, Satellitebased estimates of long-term exposure to fine particles and association with mortality in elderly Hong Kong residents, in: Environmental health perspectives, 123(11), p. 1167-1172.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408264
Google Scholar
XUE T., ZHANG Q., 2018, Associating ambient exposure to fine particles and human fertility rates in China, in: Environmental Pollution, 235, p. 497-504.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.009
Google Scholar
ZHOU M., HE G., FAN M., WANG Z., LIU Y., MA J., MA Z., LIU J., LIU Y., WANG L., ET AL., 2015, Smog episodes, fine particulate pollution and mortality in China, in: Environmental research, 136, p. 396-404.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.038
Google Scholar
Authors
Yunrong LiSchool of Economics and Management, Dali University. Hongsheng Road 2, Dali Ancient City, 671003, Yunnan, China China
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-3401
Statistics
Abstract views: 60PDF downloads: 16
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.