Technological development of wind energy and compliance with the requirements for sustainable development
Wojciech Jarzyna
w.jarzyna@pollub.plElectrical Drives and Electrical Machine Department, Lublin University of Technology (Poland)
Artur Pawłowski
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology (Poland)
Nadzeya Viktarovich
Brest State Technical University, Belarus and PhD student of Lublin University of Technology (Poland)
Abstract
This article raises the issue of sustainable development in the context of technological advances in wind power. The authors focus mainly on identifying the risks which are inherent in the development of wind power and on the search for the answer to whether technological progress is conducive to reducing these risks. The evaluation of the impact of this progress is assessed in terms of: electric generator solutions, operational reliability, cost-effectiveness, site selection and optimal matching of generators to the environmental conditions. The community category is an additional non-technological category which is a deciding factor in democratic countries during investment decisions. The authors analysed a number of factors in this category, and concluded that only a responsible policy of providing information, fair treatment of the local community and a clearly defined distribution of profits contribute to long-term positive shaping of social attitudes.
Keywords:
sustainable development, wind energy, negative impact of wind turbines, wind power plant, localization of wind turbines, social factors of developmentReferences
ALTIN M., GOKSU O., TEODORESCU R., RODRIGUEZ P., BAK JENSEN B., HELLE L, Overview of Recent Grid Codes for Wind Power Integration, 12th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, OPTIM 2010.
Google Scholar
DANISH Wind Industry Association, http://www.windpower.org (1.05.2013).
Google Scholar
ELKRAFT, Wind Turbines Connected to Grids with Voltages above 100kV. Regulation TF 3.2.5. Elkraft System, http://www.energinet.dk (1.05.2013).
Google Scholar
ELTRA und Elkraft, WIND turbines connected to grids with voltage below 100 kV, http://www.eltra.dk, 2004 (1.06.2013).
Google Scholar
ENTSO-E Network Code for Requirements for Grid Connection Applicable to all Generators, 8 March 2013.
Google Scholar
GWEC, Global Wind Energy Outlook, GWEC 2006, http://www.gwec.net (1.06.2013).
Google Scholar
IEA Wind RP14, Social Acceptance of Wind Energy Projects, January 2013.
Google Scholar
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 61400-12-1, Wind turbines – Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines.
Google Scholar
IRVING J., Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-Policy Decisions and Fiascoes, Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1972.
Google Scholar
JARZYNA W., 2011, Warunki wyboru turbin i generatorów elektrowni wiatrowych (Terms of the turbine and generator choice of wind power stations), in: Rynek Energii, No. 4(95), p. 102-106.
Google Scholar
JARZYNA W., FILIPEK P., KOZIORO-WSKA A., 2012, Cost effectiveness terms of a wind energy investment, in: Environmental Engineering IV, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 489-498.
Google Scholar
JARZYNA W., LIPNICKI P., 2013, The Comparison of Polish Grid Codes to Certain European Standards and resultant Differences for WPP Requirements, in: Power Electronics and Applications (EPE), IEEEX-plore Digital Library, p 1-6.
Google Scholar
KACEJKO P., WYDRA M., 2011, Energetyka wiatrowa w Polsce – realna ocean możliwości wytwórczych (Wind Energy in Poland – Analysis of Potential Power Systems Balance Limitations and Influence on Conventional Power units Operational Conditions), in: Polski Rynek Energii, no 2(93), p. 25-30.
Google Scholar
LIPNICKI P., 2012, Power Electronics Devices in Power Distribution Systems, in: Informatyka Automatyka Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Srodowiska IAPGOS, no 2.
Google Scholar
MANUAL of Operation and Maintaince of Polish Grids IRESP, Version 2.0, Jan. 2012.
Google Scholar
MFIT A., mer GKSU, TEODORSESCU R., RODRIGUEZ P., BAK B., JENSEN L. HELLE L., Overview of Recent Grid Codes for Wind Power Integration, 2010, 12th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, OPTIM 2010.
Google Scholar
MINISTERSTWO ŚRODOWISKA, Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 1 października 2012 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie
Google Scholar
w sprawie dopuszczalnych poziomów hałasu w środowisku, Dziennik Ustaw z 8.10.2012, poz. 1109.
Google Scholar
MOKRZYCKI E., ULIASZ-BOCHEŃCZYK A., 2009, Gospodarka pierwotnymi nośnikami energii w Polsce a ochrona środowiska przyrodniczego, in: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska/Annual Set The Environmental Protection, vol. 11, p. 103-132.
Google Scholar
NETWORK and System Rules of the German Transmission System Operators, Transmission Code 2007, Verband der Netzbetreiber – VDN – e.V. beim VDEW, August 2007.
Google Scholar
PAWŁOWSKI A., 2009, Teoretyczne uwarunkowania rozwoju zrównoważonego, in: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska/Annual Set The Environmental Protection, vol. 11, p. 986-994.
Google Scholar
PIONTEK B., 2000, Teoretyczny model rozwoju zrównoważonego i trwałego, in: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska/Annual Set The Environmental Protection, vol. 2, p. 343-364.
Google Scholar
SZKAROWSKI A., 2005, Analiza ekonomiczna w ochronie środowiska, in: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska/Annual Set The Environmental Protection, vol. 7, p. 206-218.
Google Scholar
TSILI, M., PAPATHANASSIOU S., 2009, A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms, in: IET Renew. Power Gener., vol. 3, issue 3.
Google Scholar
WIND atlas, http://www.sander-partner.com/en/index.html (1.06.2013).
Google Scholar
WIND for Schools Initiative, http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/schools_wfs _project.asp (1.05.2013).
Google Scholar
REA, 2008, Promotion of Renewable Energy Act. no. 1392 of 27 December 2008, http://www.ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/supply/renewable-energy/wind-power/onshore-wind-power/Promotion%20of%20Renewable%20Energy%20Act%20-%20extract.pdf (1.05.2013).
Google Scholar
Authors
Wojciech Jarzynaw.jarzyna@pollub.pl
Electrical Drives and Electrical Machine Department, Lublin University of Technology Poland
Authors
Artur PawłowskiFaculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology Poland
Authors
Nadzeya ViktarovichBrest State Technical University, Belarus and PhD student of Lublin University of Technology Poland
Statistics
Abstract views: 18PDF downloads: 14
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
