Czy globalizacja sprzyja rozwojowi energii odnawialnej? Globalna makro-perspektywa
Verda Salman
School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan (Pakistan)
Imtiaz Ahmad
School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan (Pakistan)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-2517
Shahzad Alvi
shahzad.alvi@s3h.nust.edu.pkSchool of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan (Pakistan)
Abstrakt
Współczesny świat staje się coraz bardziej współzależny pod względem rozwoju gospodarczego, społecznego i politycznego. Te różne formy współzależności, zwykle nazywane globalizacją, pomagają rozpowszechniać idee, informacje, produkty i usługi na całym świecie. Wzrost globalizacji zwiększył również inne współzależności, wpływając na rozwój gospodarczy, społeczny i instytucjonalny oraz ukończenie niektórych gałęzi przemysłu, produktów i technologii, tak aby rozwijały się zgodnie z globalnym popytem i zmieniającymi się standardami. Chociaż rola globalizacji we wzroście gospodarczym, transferze technologii i rozwoju instytucjonalnym jest ustalona w literaturze, rola globalizacji w odwracaniu degradacji środowiska nie jest jeszcze zbadana. Obecne badanie dotyczy wpływu globalizacji na wykorzystanie energii odnawialnej w krajach o wysokim, średnim i niskim średnim dochodzie. Wyniki empiryczne oparte na modelu efektów stałych pokazują, że kraje różnią się pod względem wykorzystania różnych rodzajów globalizacji, tj. gospodarczej, społecznej i politycznej, podczas przechodzenia na projekty związane z energią odnawialną (OZE). Globalizacja gospodarcza ma pozytywny wpływ na wykorzystanie OZE w przypadku krajów o wysokim i niskim średnim dochodzie, Globalizacja społeczna w przypadku krajów o wysokim i wyższym średnim dochodzie. W przeciwieństwie do pozytywnych skutków globalizacji gospodarczej i społecznej, globalizacja polityczna ma negatywny wpływ na wykorzystanie OZE w przypadku krajów o wysokich dochodach. Oprócz globalizacji wpływ skuteczności rządów, PKB na mieszkańca i CO2 jest różny w poszczególnych grupach krajów.
Słowa kluczowe:
globalizacja, energia odnawialna, skuteczność rządu, PKB per capita, CO2Bibliografia
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Autorzy
Verda SalmanSchool of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan Pakistan
Autorzy
Imtiaz AhmadSchool of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan Pakistan
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-2517
Autorzy
Shahzad Alvishahzad.alvi@s3h.nust.edu.pk
School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan Pakistan
Statystyki
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