Zanieczyszczenie wód gruntowych arsenem w dystrykcie Bhojpur w stanie Bihar w Indiach: zagrożenie dla zrównoważonego rozwoju
Avinash Ranjan
Kumarjimmy007@gmail.comIndian Institute of Technology (ISM), Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dhanbad, India (Indie)
Pammy Kumari
Ranchi University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ranchi, India (Indie)
Abstrakt
Skażenie wody arszenikiem jest obecnie problemem globalnym. Ponad 100 krajów, w tym Indie, boryka się z wysokim poziomem arsenu w wodach gruntowych. Istnieje wiele negatywnych skutków skażenia arszenikiem dla społeczeństwa i gospodarki, które zagrażają zrównoważonemu rozwojowi na skażonych obszarach. Aby zbadać wielkość i skutki skażenia arsenem w Shahpur w dystrykcie Bhojpur w Bihar w Indiach, przetestowaliśmy próbki wód gruntowych z wielu różnych lokalizacji. Przeprowadzono ankietę gospodarstw domowych i wywiady osobiste, aby poznać reakcję społeczeństwa na ten problem. Wyniki badań próbek potwierdzają, że na tym obszarze występuje wysoki stopień zanieczyszczenia arsenem. Nasze badanie wykazało, że niski poziom edukacji obszaru utrudnia trwałe rozwiązanie problemu. Dowiedzieliśmy się, że osoby cierpiące na choroby arszenikowe są dyskryminowane w społeczeństwie. Co więcej, odkryliśmy również, że ekonomiczne obciążenia skażenia arszenikiem są bardziej ponoszone przez zmarginalizowaną część społeczności. Ponieważ uprawy są nawadniane wodą o wysokim stężeniu arsenu, jakość gleby ulega degradacji, co jest odpowiedzialne za słabą produkcję rolną i straty ekonomiczne. Stwierdzono również, że większość zastosowanych środków łagodzących nie jest zrównoważona w dłuższej perspektywie. Świadomość dotycząca toksyczności arsenu jest potrzebna do rozwiązania tego problemu. Po zbadaniu wszystkich środków łagodzących doszliśmy do wniosku, że zbieranie wody deszczowej i deszczówki na dachach jest najbardziej zrównoważonym i opłacalnym sposobem walki z tym zagrożeniem.
Słowa kluczowe:
zrównoważony rozwój, zanieczyszczenie arsenem, wody gruntowe, dostępność wody, obciążenia społeczno-ekonomiczneBibliografia
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Autorzy
Avinash RanjanKumarjimmy007@gmail.com
Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dhanbad, India Indie
Autorzy
Pammy KumariRanchi University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ranchi, India Indie
Statystyki
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Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Miedzynarodowe.