W kierunku sprawiedliwego i zrównoważonego rozwoju ludzkości: rozważania filozoficzne
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Open full text
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Authors
Abstrakt
W artykule zaproponowano nowy model rozumienia i zarządzania światowym rozwojem ludzkości w kontekście ogólnej równowagi naszej planety. Oparty jest on na złożonych, wzajemnych powiązaniach pomiędzy społeczeństwem, technologią i środowiskiem, rozpatrywanych z perspektywy globalnej. Autorzy zastosowali model kaskadowy krzywej S dla zbadania rozwoju ludzkości i wyzwań w zakresie zachowania równowagi od początków ludzkości do dnia dzisiejszego. Autorzy zaobserwowali, że na znaczny postęp historyczny i teleologiczny składa się pięć krytycznych etapów: aktualny poziom rozwoju, etap przełomu związanego z kryzysem, etap edukacji spowodowanej przełomem, etap działań transformacyjnych oraz etap nowego poziomu rozwoju.
W artykule aktualny poziom rozwoju ludzkości określa się mianem globalizacji opartej na dogmatycznej ekonomii wolnego rynku, lekceważącej równowagę cywilizacji. Ludzkość znajduje się na skraju wyczerpania zasobów nieodnawialnych i pogorszenia stanu środowiska na tyle, że pod dużym znakiem zapytania stoi możliwość zapewnienia potrzeb dla przyszłego pokolenia. Nowa sytuacja, w której kraje rozwijające się nie są w stanie osiągnąć poziomu konsumpcji na równi z krajami rozwiniętymi, a kraje rozwinięte nie będą mogły zachować obecnego poziomu konsumpcji, stanowi wystarczający impuls dla rozwoju ludzkości w kierunku sprawiedliwego i zrównoważonego globalnego rozwoju. Wspólna wola rodziny narodów, aby przeprowadzić takie przejście z aktualnego poziomu rozwoju opartego na konsumpcjonizmie ekstrakcyjnym do nowego poziomu rozwoju opartego na odnawialnej równowadze wymaga następujących etapów: przełomu wynikającego z kryzysu, edukacji spowodowanej kryzysem i działań transformacyjnych ze strony wszystkich zainteresowanych – każdego człowieka.
Słowa kluczowe:
Bibliografia
ANNAN K., 1998, The Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Develop-ment in Africa. Report to the United Nations Security Council, April 1998, retrieved August 15, 2001, from: http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/sgreport/index.html
ALBERT D. S., CZERWINSKI T. J., Complexity, Global Politics and National Security, National Defense University Symposium, Washington D.C. 1996.
ALVARES, C., Decolonizing History: Technology and Culture in India, China, and the West, 1492 to the Present Day, Apex Press, New York 1991.
AYUPAN L. B., OLIVEROS T. G., Filipino Peasant Women in Defense of Life, in: Close to Home: Women Reconnect Ecology, Health, and Development Worldwide, ed. Shiva V., New Society, Philadelphia 1994, pp. 113-120.
BABBIE E., The Practice of Social Research, Wadsworth/Thompson Learning, Belmont 2001.
BAKER B., Exploring Complex Adaptive Systems: A Literature Review, CSIRO Wildlife and Ecology’s Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) Group, Canberra 1999.
BAZIN M., 1986, The Technological Mystique and Third World Options, in: Monthly Review, July/August 1986, pp. 99 109.
BECKERMAN W., Through Green-colored Glasses: Environmentalism Reconsidered, Cato Institute, Washington DC 1996.
BELL D., 1989, The Third Technological Revolution and its Possible Socio-economic Consequences, in: Dissent, Spring, pp. 164-176.
BELL T. E., DOOLING D., Technologies for Society's Infrastructure, in: Engineering Tomorrow: Today's Technology Experts Envision the Next Century, ed. Fouke J., IEEE Press, New York 2000, pp. 31-77.
BHALLA A. S., Globalization, Growth and Marginalization, St. Martin's Press, New York 1998.
BLAKIE N., Approaches to Social Enquiry, Polity Press, Cambridge MA 1995.
BOGNAR J., Global Problems in an Interdependent World, in: The Global Economy: Today, Tomorrow, and the Transition, ed. Didsbury H.F., World Future Society, Bethesda 1985, pp. 16-32.
BORJA J., CASTELLS M., Local and Global Management of Cities in the Information Age, Earthscan, London 1997.
CANNON T., Welcome to the Revolution: Managing Paradox in the Information Age, Pitman, London 1996.
CAPON N., The Product Life Cycle, in: The AMA Management Handbook, ed. Hampton J.J., AMACOM (3rd edition), New York 1994, pp. 2-18-2-25.
CAPRA F., A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems: The Web of Life, Anchor Books, New York 1996.
CAPRA F., PAULI G. (eds.), Steering Business Toward Sustainability, United Nations University Press, New York 1995.
CHAITKIN A., The Franklin School Starts Modern England, Retrieved October, 22, 2000, from The American Almanac online may 1997, http://members.tripod.com/~american_almanac/chaiben.htm
CHARLES C. A., FURAR L. E., Building the Global Information Economy: A Roadmap from the Global Information Infrastructure Commission, Global Information Infrastructure Commission (GIIC) Report, Washington, DC 1998.
CHIA R., 1998, From Complexity Science to Complex Thinking: Organization as Simple Location, in: Organization, 5(3), pp. 341-369.
CHOPRA K. R., Participatory Development: People and Common Property Resources, Sage, Newbury Park CA 1990.
CHRISTENSEN C. M., The Evolution of Innovation, in: The Technology Management Handbook, ed. Dorf R.C., CRC Press and IEEE Press, Boca Raton 1999, pp. 3-4-3-11.
CILLERS P., Complexity and Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems, Routledge, London 2000.
CLEAVER H., Computer-linked Social Movements and the Global Threat to Capitalism, retrieved January, 10, 2000, from: http://www.oco.utexas.edu/Homepages/Faculty/Cleaver/polnet/html
COGBURN D. L. (ed.), Information and Communications for Development: Nationalism, Regionalism, and Globalism in Building Information Society, Global Information Infrastructure Commission Report, Center for Strategic & International Studies, Washington, D.C. 1996.
Commission On Global Governance, Our Global Neighborhood, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1998.
CONCA K., DABELKO G. D., 1998, Green Planet Blues: Environmental Politics from Stockholm to Kyoto, Westview Press, Boulder CO 1998.
CONTRACTOR N. S., 1998, Self-organizing Systems Research in the Social Sciences: Reconciling the Metaphors and the Models. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Jerusalem, Israel, retrieved February, 26, 2001, from: http://www.tec.spcomm.uiuc.edu/nosh/icassost/nc.html.
COOK E., Man, Energy, Society, Freeman, San Francisco 1976.
CRAHAN M. E., VOURVOULIAS-BUSH, A. (eds.), The City and the World: New York's Global Future, Council on Foreign Relations Book, New York 1997.
DALY H., 1990, Sustainable Growth: An Impossibility Theorem, in: Development, 3(4), pp. 45 47.
DE ANGELIS M., 1996, The Autonomy of the Economy and Globalization, retrieved November, 20, 2000, from: http://Lists.Village.Virginia.edu/spoons/aut-html/glob.html
DENHARDT R. B., 1981, Toward a Critical Theory of Public Organization, in: Public Administration Review, 41, pp. 628-635.
DEWAN A. H., Measuring Sustainable Development: Problems and Prospects, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin 1998.
DEWEY J., The Public and its Problems, Alan Swallow, Denver CO 1927.
DOOLEY K., 1996, A Complex Adaptive System: A Nominal Definition, in: The Chaos Network, 8(1), pp. 2-3.
DOOLEY K., 1997, A Complex Adaptive Systems Model of Organization Change, in: Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Science, 1(1), pp. 69-97.
DOORMAN F., Global Development: Problems, Solutions, Strategy, A Proposal for Socially Just, Ecologically Sustainable Growth, International Books, Utrecht, Netherlands 1998.
DRUCKER P. F., 1966, The First Technological Revolution and its Lessons, in: Technology and Culture, 7(2), pp. 143-151.
Electric Perspective, Finding Common Ground on Climate Change, Edison Electric Institute, Washington DC 2009, pp. 9, 18-25, 58-61.
Electric Power Research Institute, Electricity technology Roadmap: Powering Progress, EPRI Distribution Center, Pleasant Hills CA 1999.
ELLUL J., The Technological Society, Vintage Books, New York 1964.
Environment Canada, 1997, Sustainable Development Strategy, retrieved June, 29, 2000, from: http://www.ec.gc.ca/sd-dd_consult/Final/SDG13_E.HTM.
ESCOBAR A., Constructing Nature: Elements for a Poststructural Political Ecology, in: Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, Social Movement, eds. Peet R., Watts M., Routledge, New York 1996, pp.46-68.
ESTEVA G., Development, in: The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power, ed. Sachs W., Zed Books, Atlantic Highlands NJ 1992, pp. 6-25.
FALOLA T., The History of Nigeria, Greenwood Press, Westport CT 1999.
FAY B., Social Theory and Political Practice, Holmes and Meier, New York 1975.
FAY B., Critical Social Science: Liberation and its Limits, Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY 1987.
FEENBERG A., Critical Theory of Technology, Oxford University Press, New York 1991.
FEENBERG A., 2000, From Essentialism to Constructivism: Philosophy of Technology at the Crossroads, retrieved June, 7, 2001, from: http://www.rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/feenberg/talk4.html
FELLENSTEIN G., WOOD R., Exploring E-commerce, Global E-business, and E societies, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River NJ 2000.
FOSTER J. B. The Vulnerable Planet: A Short Economic History of the Environment, Monthly Review Press, New York 1994.
Freedom House, 2001, Freedom in the World 2000 Report, retrieved September, 2001, from: http://www.freedomhouse.org/research/
FRIEDMAN J., MILLER J., 1965,, The Urban Field, in: Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 31, pp. 312-320.
GARCIA J. D., 1991, Creative Transformation: A Practical Guide for Maximizing Creativity, retrieved September, 17, 2001 from: http://www.see.org/e-ct-dex.htm
GELL-MANN M., The Quark and the Jaguar, Freeman, New York 1994.
GLENN J. C., GORDON T. J., 2001 State of the Future, The Millennium Projects 2001, American Council for the United Nations University, Washington DC 2001.
GORE A., Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit, Penguin Books, New York 1993.
GUINIER L., The Tyranny of the Majority, Basic Books, New York 1994.
GRAHAM S., MARVIN S., Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition, Routledge, New York 2001.
HABERMAS J., Theory and Practice, Beacon Press, Boston 1974.
HAGE J., Theories of Organization, John Wiley, New York 1980.
HALL R. H., Organizations: Structures, Processes and Outcomes, Prentice Hall (7th ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ 1999.
HARGADON A. B., Diffusion of Innovations, in: The Technology Management Handbook, ed. Dorf R. C., IEEE Press, Boca Raton 1999, pp. 3-20-3-27.
HARRISON L. E., HUNTINGTON S. P. (eds.), Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress, Basic Books, New York 2000.
HARVEY D., The Condition of Post-modernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, Basil Blackwell, Cambridge MA 1989.
HASENCLEVER A., MAYER P., RITTBERGER V., Theories of International Regimes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1999.
HAWKEN P., LOVINS A., LOVINS L. H., Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution, Little Brown, Boston 1999.
HAYS S. P., The Response to Industrialism 1885-1914, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1995.
HOLLAND J. H., Hidden Order, Addison-Wesley, Reading MA 1995.
HYMAN L. S., America's Electric Utilities: Past, Present and Future, Public Utilities Reports (5th ed.), Arlington VA 1994.
IEEE Spectrum, 2001, Technology 2001 Analysis and Forecast: Always on: Living in a Networked World, retrieved February, 10, 2001, from: http://www.spectrum.ieee.org
IMD International, The 2001 World Competitiveness Yearbook, Author, Lausanne, Switzerland 2001.
International Institute for Sustainable Development, Indicators for Sustainable Development: Theory, Method and Applications, A Report to the Balaton Group by Hartmut Bossel, Author, Winnipeg, Manitoba 1999.
International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2001, The Measure of Progress: The Dashboard of Sustainability, retrieved December, 15, 2001, from: http://www.iisd.org
International Telecommunications Union, 1999, Challenges to the Network: Internet for Development, retrieved October, 21, 2000, from: http://www.itu.int/ti
JAFFEE D., Levels of Socio-economic Development Theory, Praeger, London 1998.
JANTSCH E., The Self-organizing Universe, Pergaman Press, Oxford 1980.
KAHIN B., NESSON C., Borders in Cyberspace: Information Policy and the Global Information Infrastructure, MIT Press, Cambridge MA 1997.
KAPLAN R. S., NORTON D. P., The Balanced Scorecard, Harvard Business School Press, Boston 1996.
KAUFMAN R., THIAGARAJAN S., MACGILLIS P., The Guidebook for Performance Improvement: Working with Individuals and Organizations, Pfeiffer, San Francisco 1997.
KAUFMANN D., KRAAY A., ZOIDO-LOBATÓN P., Aggregating Governance Indicators, World Bank, Washington D.C. 1999.
KAUFFMAN S., At Home in the Universe: The Search for Laws of Self-organization and Complexity, Ox-ford University Press, Oxford 1995.
KEARLNEY A. T., 2001, Measuring Globalization, retrieved August, 27, 2001, from: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/issue_janfeb_2001/atkearney.html.
KEGLEY C. W. Jr., WITTKOPF E. R., World Politics: Trends and Transformations, Worth (7th edition), New York 1999.
KEOHANE R. O., After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1984.
KIMBALL C. A., 1998, Biblical Interpretation of World History, retrieved July, 7, 2001, from: http://pages.ancientsite.com/~Berosus_Etana/Worldhis/Index.htm
KLING J., Complex Society/Complex Cities: New Social Movements and the Restructuring of Urban Space, in: Mobilizing the community, eds. Fisher R., Kling J., Sage, Newbury Park CA 1993, pp. 28-51.
KOCH R., Financial Times A-Z of Management and Finance: The Definitive Guide to Tools, Terms and Techniques, Financial Times/Pitman, London 1995.
KRASNER S. D., 2001, Sovereignity, retrieved August, 27, 2001, from: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/issue_janfeb_2001
KUHN T. S., The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1970.
LARRAIN J., Theories of Development: Capitalism, Colonialism, and Dependency, Polity Press, Cambridge 1989.
LEWIN R., Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos, MacMillan, New York 1992.
LOW M., Representation Unbounded: Globalization and Democracy, in: Spaces of Globalization, ed. Cox K.R., Guilford Press, New York 1997, pp. 240-280.
LUMLEY T., 1997, Complexity & the Learning Organization, in: Complexity, 2(5), pp. 14-22.
LUSTINGER-THALER H., SHRAGEE E., 1998, The New Urban Left: Parties Without Actors, in: International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 22(2), pp. 232-244.
MACISAAC, D., 1996, The Critical Theory of Jurgen Habermas, retrieved February, 5, 2001, from: http://www.physics.nau.edu/~danmac/habcritthy.html.
MARX K., The Process of Capitalist Production, in: Capital: A Critique of Political Economy Vol. 1, Random House, New York 1907 (original work published in 1867), pp. 405-422, 430-478.
MASLOW A., 1943, A Theory of Human Motivation, in: Psychological Review, 50, pp. 370-396.
MCLEAN I., Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics, Oxford University Press, Oxford UK 1996.
MCQUILLAN A. G., PRESTON A. L. (eds.), Globally and Locally: Seeking a Middle Path to Sustainable Development, University Press of America, Lanham MD 1998.
MEDD W., HAYNES P., 1998, Complexity and the Social, retrieved January, 11, 2001, from: http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts./stt/cstt2/medd.htm.
METZ H. C., 1991, Nigeria: A Country Study, Library of Congress, Washington D.C., retrieved August, 26, 2001 from: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ngtoc.html.
MORGAN G., Imagination: New Mindsets for Seeing, Organizing, and Managing, Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco 1993.
MURCOTT S., 1997, Definitions of Sustainable Development. A compilation for American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Annual Conference, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Sustainability Indicators Symposium Seattle, WA, retrieved August 25, 2000, from: http://www.sustainableliving.org/appen-a.htm.
MUMFORD L., Technics and Civilization, Harcourt, Brace, New York 1934.
NAISBITT J., Global Paradox: The Bigger the World Economy, the More Powerful its Smallest Players, William Morrow, New York 1994.
National Research Council Board on Sustainable Development, Our Common Journey: A Transition Toward Sustainability, National Academy Press, Washington DC 1999.
New England Complex Systems Institute, 2000, Concepts in Complex Systems, retrieved August, 15, 2001, from: http://necsi.org/guide/whatis.html.
NORGAARD R., Development Betrayed: The End of Progress and a Coevolutionary Revisioning of the Future, Routledge, New York 1994.
NOVAK T. P., HOFFMAN D. L., 1998, Bridging the Digital Divide: The Impact of Race on Computer Access and Internet Use, retrieved June, 17, 2000, from: http://ecommerce.Vanderbilt.edu/ papers/race/science.html
Norvartis Foundation for Sustainable Development, 1999a, Sustainable Development at the Turn of the Century: Perception, Reality, and Outlook, retrieved May, 27, 2000, from: http://www.foundation.norvartis.com/sustainable-development.htm
Norvartis Foundation for Sustainable Development, 1999b, Sustainable Development: A Common Challenge for North and South, retrieved May, 27, 2000, from: http://www.foundation.norvartis.com/sustainable-development.htm.
Norvartis Foundation for Sustainable Development, 1999c, Development Assistance at the Threshold of the 21st Century, retrieved May, 27, 2000, from: http://www.foundation.norvartis.com/sustainabledevelopment.htm.
OJO B. A. (ed.), Problems and Prospects of Sustaining Democracy in Nigeria: Voices of a Generation, Nova Science, Huntington NY 2001.
OLSON E. E., EOYANG G., Facilitating Organization Change: Lessons from Complexity Science, Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer, San Francisco 2001.
ONIMODE B., A Political Economy of the African Crisis, Zed Books, Atlantic Highlands, NJ 1988.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1999, The Interim Report on the OECD 3 year Project on Sustainable Development, retrieved May, 27, 2000, from: http://www.oecd.org//subject/sustdev/sitemap.htm
PAWŁOWSKI A., 2008, How Many Dimen¬sions Does Sustainable Development Have?, in: Sustainable Development vol. 16 no 2, pp. 81-90.
PAWŁOWSKI A., 2009, Rewolucja Rozwoju Zrównoważonego/Sustainable Development Revolution, in: Problemy Ekorozwoju/ Problems of Sustainable Development vol. 4 no 1/2009, pp. 65-76.
PHILIPS C. F. Jr., The Regulation of Public Utilities: Theory and Practice, Public Utilities, Arlington, VA 1993.
PLSEK P., LINDBERG C., ZIMMERMAN B., 2001, Some Emerging Principles for Managing in Complex Adaptive Systems, retrieved November, 10, 2001, from: http://www.vha.com/edgeplace/think/main_filing1.html
POPKIN R. H., STROLL A., Philosophy Made Simple, Doubleday (2nd rev. ed.), New York 1993.
POPOVICH M. G. (ed.)., Creating High Performance Government Organizations, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 1998.
REDCLIFT M., Development and the Environmental Crisis: Red or Green Alternative? Methuen, New York 1984.
REINICKE W. H., DENG F., 2000, Critical Choices and the United Nations, Networks, and the Future of Global Governance, International Development Research Center, Ottawa, Canada, retrieved October, 22, 2001, from: http:// www.globalpublicpolicy.net
RENSHAW E. F., The End of Progress: Adjusting to a No-growth Economy, Wadsworth, Belmont CA 1976.
RITTBERGER V., Regime Theory and International Relations, Oxford University Press, New York 1997.
ROSECRANCE R., 1996, The Rise of the Virtual State, in: Foreign Affairs, 75(4), pp. 45-61.
ROSENAU J. N., Many Damn Things Simultaneously: Complexity Theory and World Affairs, in: Complexity, global politics and national security, Chapter 4, eds. Albert D.S., Czerwinski T.J., National Defense University, Washington DC 1996.
ROSENAU J. N., Along the Domestic-foreign Frontier: Exploring Governance in a Turbulent World, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1997.
ROSENAU J., CZEMPIED E. O. (eds.), Governance Without Government: Order and Change in World Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1998.
ROSENBERG N., Technology and American Economic Growth, M. E. Sharpe, New York 1972.
ROSENBERG N., Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1982.
ROSENBERG N., Science-technology-Economy Interactions, in: Economics of Technology, ed. Granstrand O., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1994, pp. 323-337.
ROSENBERG N., Chemical Engineering as a General Purpose Technology, in: General Purpose Technologies and Economic Growth, ed. Helpman E., MIT Press, Cambridge MA 1998.
ROSTOW W. W., The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non Communist Manifesto, Cambridge University Press (3rd edition), New York 1990.
RUBAAI A., UDO V., 1992, An Adaptive Control Scheme For Load-frequency Control of Multi-area Power Systems, part I and part II, in: Electric Power Systems Research Journal, 24, pp. 183 197.
RUBAAI A., UDO V., 1994, Self-tuning Load Frequency Control: Multilevel Adaptive Approach, in: Institute of Electrical Engineers Proceedings on Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 141(4), pp. 285-290.
RUTTAN V. W., Technology, Growth, and Development: An Induced Innovation Perspective, Oxford University Press, New York 2001.
SACHS J., Notes on a New Sociology of Economic Development, in: Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress, eds. Harrison L.E., Huntington S.P., Basic Books, New York 2000, pp.24-43.
SACHS W., Global Ecology and the Shadow of Development, in: New Arena of Political Conflict, ed. Sachs W., Zed Books, Atlantic Highlands NJ 1993, pp.3-21.
SAMPLER J., 1999, Redefining Industry Structure for the Information Age, in: Strategic Management Journal,19(4), pp. 343-355.
SARACCO R., HARROW J. R., WEIHMAYER R., The Disappearance of Telecommunications, Insti-tute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Communication Society, Piscataway NJ 1999.
SCHUMACHER E. F., Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, Harper and Row, New York 1973.
SCHUMPETER J., 1949, Science and Ideology, in: American Economic Review, pp. 345 359.
SHEPARD J. M., Sociology, Wadsworth (7th edition), New York 1999.
SHEPARD S., Telecommunication Convergence: How to Profit From the Convergence of Technologies, Services, and Companies, McGraw-Hill, New York 2000.
SHIVA V., The Violence of the Green Revolution: Third World Agriculture, Ecology and Politics, Zed Books, Atlantic Highlands NJ 1991.
SMART B., Postmodern Social Theory, in: Social Theory, ed. Turner B.S., Blackwell, Cambridge MA 1996, pp. 396-428.
STIGLITZ J., 1999, Scan Globally, Reinvent Locally: Knowledge Infrastructure and the Localization of Knowledge, paper presented at the First Global Development Network Conference, Bonn, Germany.
STONE C., 1993, Urban Regimes and the Capacity to Govern: A Political Economy Approach, in: Journal of Urban Affairs, 15(1), pp. 1-28.
TANER O., Legislating for Sustainable Development, in: Current Issues in Planning Vol. 2, eds. Trench S., Taner O., Averbury, Brookfield, Hampshire, New Zealand 1995, pp. 284-293.
The Ecologist, Whose Common Future: Reclaiming the Commons, New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island BC Canada 1993.
The Heritage Foundation, 2001, The 2001 Index of Economic Freedom, retrieved June 26, 2001, from: http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/2001
THEODOULOU S. Z., CAHN M. A., Public Policy: The Essential Readings, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ 1995.
UDO V. E., Adaptive Hierarchical Control Strategy for Large Scale Interconnected Systems, un-published master’s thesis, Howard University, Washington DC 1991.
UDO V., AGARWAL S. K., VOJDANI A., HARLACHER M. I., 1997, Balancing Cost and Reliability: A Quantitative Study at Atlantic Electric, in: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Transaction on Power Systems, 12(3), pp. 1103-1111.
UDO V., Exploring Patterns of Sustainable Development, Governance and E Infrastructure Capacities of Nations for Global Equity Praxis, School of Urban Affairs and Public Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 2002.
United Nations, 2000, We the People, retrieved January, 10, 2002, from: http://www.un.org/millennium/sg/repor/cover.htm
United Nations, Basic Facts About the United Nations, United Nations Department of Public Information, New York 2001.
United Nations Development Program, The Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999.
United Nations Development Program, The Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2000.
United Nations Development Program, The Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001.
United Nations Environmental Program, Global Environment Outlook 2000, Author, London 1999.
United States Department of State, 2001, International Human Rights Conventions, 1999 Country Report, retrieved March, 2001 from: http://www.usis.usemb.se/human/human1999/appe
United States Department of State, 2002, CIA World Fact Book, 2001, retrieved April, 2002 from: http://www.odci.gov/cia/download2001.htm
United States Government, Toward a Sustainable America: Advancing Prosperity, Opportunity, and a Healthy Environment for the 21st Century, Final Report of the President's Council on Sustainable Development, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC 1999.
United States Government, 1995, The Global Information Infrastructure: Agenda for Cooperation, retrieved October, 26, 2000, from: http://www.ntia.doc/oiahome/giiagenda.txt
VAN DYNE G. M., Ecosystems, Systems Ecology, and Systems Ecologists, in: Complex Ecology: The Part-whole Relation in Ecosystems, eds. Patten B.C., Jorgensen S.E., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 1995, pp. 1-27.
WALDROP M. M., Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Chaos, Simon and Schuster, New York 1992.
WALLERSTEIN I., The Capitalist World Economy, Cambridge University Press, New York 1979.
WARREN R., Urban Governance, Local Autonomy, and National Development, in: Proceedings of the International Symposium on National Development and Local Autonomy Development Strategy, Korea Research Institute for Local Administration, Seoul 1993.
WARREN R., WESCHLER L. F., The Multiple Boundaries of Cities: A Framework for Policy Analysis of Urban Space, in: Problems of Theory in Policy Analysis, ed. Gregg P.M., Lexington Books, Lexington, MA 1976, pp. 103-113.
WEI-MING T., Mustering the Conceptual Resources to Grasp a World in Flux: International Studies in the Next Millennium, Meeting the Challenge of Globalization, Praeger, Westport CT 1998.
WEISS T. G., GORDNKER L., NGOs, the UN, and Global Governance, Lynne Rienner, Boulder CO 1996.
WELLS H. G., A Paper on Administrative Areas Read Before the Fabian Society, in: Mankind in the Making, Chapman and Hall, London 1903.
WHEATLEY M. J., Leadership and the New Science: Learning About Organizations from an Orderly Universe, Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco 1993.
WHITE J. D., 1986, On the Growth of Knowledge in Public Administration, in: Public Administration Review, 46, pp. 15-24.
World Auditing Organization, 2001, Press Freedom and Democracy Rank: Democracy Audit 2001, retrieved May, 28 from: http://www.worldaudit.org/
World Bank, Greening Industry: New Roles for Communities, Markets, and Governments, Policy Research Report, World Bank, Washington DC 1999a.
World Bank, 1999b, Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries, World Bank, Washington DC 1999b.
World Bank, 1999/2000 Development Report, World Bank, Washington DC 1999c.
World Bank, Knowledge for Development, World Bank, Washington DC 1999d,
World Bank, Can Africa Claim the 21st Century? World Bank, Washington DC 2000a.
World Bank, Local Dynamics in an Era of Globalization, World Bank, Washington DC 2000b.
World Bank, 2000/2001 Development Report, World Bank, Washington DC 2000c.
World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 1997, Signals of Change: Business Toward Sustainable Development, retrieved March, 20, 2001, from: http://www.wbcsd.ch/publications/signals.htm
World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Building a Better Future: Innovation Technology and Sustainable Development, a Progress Report, WBCSD, Conches-Geneva Switzerland 2000.
WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development), Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, New York 1987.
World Economic Forum, From the Global Digital Divide to the Global Digital Opportunity, Proposals Submitted to the G-8 Kyushus-Okinawa Summit 2000, Japan, Tokyo 2000.
World Economic Forum, Pilot Environmental Sustainability Index: An Initiative of the Global Lead-ers for Tomorrow Environment Task Force, presented at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum, Switzerland, Davos, 2000b.
World Economic Forum, 2001 Environmental Sustainability Index: An Initiative of the Global Leaders for Tomorrow Environment Task Force, presented at the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, Switzerland, Davos 2001.
World Resource Institute, 2000, World Resources 2000-2001: People and Ecosystems, the Fraying Web of Life, retrieved August, 5, 2001, from: http://www.wri.org/wr2000
World Resource Institute, 2002, Tomorrow’s Markets: Global Trends and Their Implications for Busi-ness, retrieved May 23, 2002, from: http://www.wri.org/
Worldwatch Institute, State of the World 2000: A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society, Norton, New York 2000.
WRISTON W. B., Clintonomics: The Information Revolution and the New Global Market Economy, in: The Business Speakers Almanac, eds. Griffin J., Marks A., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ 1994(pp .409-422
YAMAGUCHI K., Sustainable Global Communities in the Information Age: Visions from Futures Studies, Praeger, Westport CT 1997.
YOUNG O. R., Governance in World Affairs, Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY 1999.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Abstract views: 13
Licencja
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0 Miedzynarodowe.