Czy pojawienie się migrantów zmienia postrzeganie przestrzeni publicznej przez obywateli? Przypadek naruszonej zrównoważoności, Belgrad, Serbia

Nataša Danilović Hristić


Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia , Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra73/II, Belgrade (Serbia)

Nebojša Stefanović


Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia , Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra73/II, Belgrade (Serbia)

Abstrakt

Podczas kryzysu migracyjny, który dotknął Europę w 2015 r., Belgrad stał się jednym z miast tranzytowych na trasie, którą migranci podróżują do miejsca docelowego. Duża liczba migrantów, bez względu na powód opuszczenia ojczyzny (wojna, gospodarka, konsekwencje zmiany klimatu), głównie mężczyźni podróżujący samotnie, decydowała się zatrzymać w parkach miejskich lub na placach. Rezultatem była zmiana osobistego poczucia bezpieczeństwa obywateli i intensywne monitorowanie przez lokalną policję. Bywało jednak także tak, że spontanicznie tworzony obóz dla uchodźców z namiotami ustawionymi w parkach stawał się tymczasowym centrum pomocy i miejscem spotkań obywateli i uchodźców.


Słowa kluczowe:

przestrzeń publiczna, bezpieczeństwo, obywatele, migranci

AFOUXENIDIS A., PETROU M., KANDYLIS G., TRAMOUNTANIS A., GIANNAKI D., 2017, Dealing with a humanitarian crisis: Refugees on the Eastern EU border of the island of Lesvos, in: Journal of Applied Security Research, 12(1), p. 7-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2017.1228023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2017.1228023   Google Scholar

APC/CZA – Asylum Protection Centre, Belgrade, Serbia, The European Union EIDHR Programme for Serbia, 2015, Migrant Info Flayer, http://www.apccza.org.
  Google Scholar

ARSENIJEVIĆ J. et al., 2017, A crisis of protection and safe passage: violence experienced by migrants/refugees travelling along the Western Balkan corridor to Northern Europe, in: Conflict and Health, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0107-z.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-017-0107-z   Google Scholar

BERTOLIA S., BRUCKERB H., FERNANDEZHUERTAS MORAGAC J., 2016, The European crisis and migration to Germany, in: Regional Science and Urban Economics, 60, p. 61-72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2016.06.012   Google Scholar

BOBIĆ М., 2013, Imigracija u Srbiji: stanje i perspektive, tolerancija i integracija /Immigration in Serbia: the situation and perspectives, tolerance and integration, in: Demografija, X, p. 99-115.
  Google Scholar

CeSID & UNHCR, 2014, Stav građana Republike Srbije prema tražiocima azila, http://www.unhcr.rs/media/CeSIDUNHCR201014FINAL.pdf
  Google Scholar

DANILOVIĆ HRISTIĆ N. (ed.), 2008, Sigurniji javni prostori, studija o bezbednosti javnih gradskih prostora u Beogradu, Urbanistički zavod Beograda i Misija OEBS u Srbiji, Odeljenje za demokratizaciju, Demsec projekat.
  Google Scholar

DANILOVIĆ HRISTIĆ N., 2012, Urban safety of the public spaces in Belgrade, Serbia?, in: Re-mixing the city towards sustainability and resilience. Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Urban Planning and Regional Development in the Information Society REAL CORP 2012, eds. Schrenk, M., Popovich V., Zeile, P. and Elisei, P., Schwechat-Rannersdorf: Kompetenzzentrum für Stadtplanung und Regionalentwicklung, Austria, p. 1007-1016.
  Google Scholar

DANILOVIĆ HRISTIĆ N., 2013, Bezbednost urbanih prostora, Orion Art., Beograd.
  Google Scholar

DANILOVIĆ HRISTIĆ N., 2016, Keynote Speaker: Languish After Safety in the Urban Life, in: Conference Proceedings, Fourth International Conference
  Google Scholar

and Exhibition, On Architecture: Scale of Design - From Micro to Macro, Belgrade: STRAND, 1-5 December 2016, p. 43-51, http://www.strand.rs/micromacro/.
  Google Scholar

DANILOVIĆ HRISTIĆ N., GLIGORIJEVIĆ Ž., STEFANOVIĆ N., 2018, Possible impact of migrant crisis on the concept of urban planning, in: Conference Proceedings 'Places an Technologies 2018', University of Belgrade Faculty of Architecture, Belgrade, Book of Conference Proceedings, p. 279-28.
  Google Scholar

DECLARATION OF THE CONFERENCE, 2017, Global Conference on ‘Cities & Migration’, 16-17 November 2017, Mechelen, Belgium, https://unhabitat.org/gccm-cities-and-migration/.
  Google Scholar

EXPERT TEAM OF INSITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN & SPATIAL PLANNNING OF SERBIA, 2018, Sustainable and Integrated Urban Development Strategy of Serbia 2030, Ministry of construction, transport and infrastructure of Serbia, GIZ/AMBERO, http://www.urbanlandmanagement.rs/? attachment_id=8111.
  Google Scholar

GEHL Architects, 2009, Urban Quality Consultants: Port of Belgrade, Strategies and Guidelines for a Harbour Development.
  Google Scholar

HOLLAND C., CLARK A., KATZ J., PEACE S., 2007, Social interactions in urban public places, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
  Google Scholar

KNEŽIĆ B., VIDANOVIĆ V., 2011, Problems of asylum seekers in Serbia, in: Serbian Political Through, 34, p. 421-440.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22182/spm.3442011.21   Google Scholar

KRAJEWSKI, P., 2017, Climatic Migrations – Consequences of Upsetting Environmental Balance and a of Flaws in Human Protection by International Law, in: Problemy Ekorozwoju/ Problems of Sustainable Development, 12(1), p.15-20.
  Google Scholar

KRSTIĆ I., 2012, Protecting the Rights of Migrants in the Republic of Serbia. Handbook for Civil Servants and Local Self-Government Officials, International Organization for Migration – Mission in Serbia, Project: ‘Capacity Building of Institutions Involved in Migration Management and Reintegration of Returnees in the Republic of Serbia’ (CBMM), Beograd.
  Google Scholar

KULACH J., WHISKIN N., MARKS E., 2008, Urban crime prevention policies in Europe: Towards a common culture?; European forum for urban safety, Safety & Democracy.
  Google Scholar

KYRIAKIDES C., 2017, Words don’t come easy: Al Jazeera’s migrant-refugee distinction and the European culture of (mis)trust, in: Current Sociology, 65(7), p. 933-952.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392116658089   Google Scholar

LAW on Asylum Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 109/2007.
  Google Scholar

LAW on Foreign Citizens, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 97/2008.
  Google Scholar

LAW on Migration Management, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 107/2012.
  Google Scholar

LAW on Refugees, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 18/92, 42/2002, 45/2005, 30/2010.
  Google Scholar

MANTOVAN C., 2018, They treat us like criminals’: urban public spaces and ethnic discrimination in Italy, in: Patterns of Prejudice, 52(4), p. 338-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2018.1476209
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2018.1476209   Google Scholar

MARIC J., DJUKIC A., 2018, Connecting the Centre of Belgrade with the Danube and Sava Riverfronts to Increase Attractiveness, in: Periodica Polytechnica Architecture, 49(1), p. 23-28.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.11773   Google Scholar

MEKDJIAN S., 2017, Urban artivism and migrations. Disrupting spatial and political segregation of migrants in European cities, in: Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.05.008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.05.008   Google Scholar

MITCHELL K., SPARKE M., 2018, Hotspot geopolitics versus geosocial solidarity: Contending constructions of safe space for migrants in Europe, in: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775818793647.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775818793647   Google Scholar

MURILLO, F., 2017, Migrants and rapid urbanization: A New Agenda for humanitarian and development urban planning? United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Sustainable Cities, Human Mobility and International Migration, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, New York, 7-8 September 2017, UN/POP/EGM/2017/4.
  Google Scholar

NINAMEDIA RESEARCH, 2016, Stav građana Republike Srbije prema tražiocima azila, http://www.kirs.gov.rs.
  Google Scholar

OBRADOVIC-WOCHNIK J., 2018, Urban geographies of refugee journeys: Biopolitics, neoliberalism and contestation over public space in Belgrade, in: Political Geography, 67, p. 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.08.017Get.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.08.017   Google Scholar

ORTIZ DE URBINA GIMENO, I. & PONCE SOLÉ, J. (coord.), 2008, Convivencia ciudadana, seguridad pública y urbanismo, Diez textos fundamentales del panorama internacional, Barcelona.
  Google Scholar

RYDZEWSKI P., 2019, Social Dimensions of Sustainable Development in International Public Opinion, in: Problemy Ekorozwoju/ Problems of Sustainable Development, 14(1) 1, p. 53-62.
  Google Scholar

SAAD H., ESSEX R., 2018, ‘Arrival Cities: Final Dispatches’ Final Report, 19 July 2018, Urbanact, http://urbact.eu/arrival-cities-final-report.
  Google Scholar

SCHNEIDER R. H., KITCHEN T., 2007, Crime Prevention and the Built Environment, Routledge, London.
  Google Scholar

TOMANOVIĆ S. (ed.), 2006, Društvo u previranju – sociološke studije nekih aspekata društvene transformacije u Srbiji; Institut za sociološka istraživanja Filozofskog fakulteta u Beogradu.
  Google Scholar

TSAVDAROGLOU C., 2018, The newcomers' rights to the common space: The case of Athens during the refugee crisis ACME, in: An International Journal of Critical Geography, Preprint, p. 1-26.
  Google Scholar

VALLASTER C., WALLPACH VON S., ZENKER S., 2017, The interplay between urban policies and grassroots city brand co-creation and co-destruction during the refugee crisis: Insights from the city brand Munich (Germany), in: Cities, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.07.013.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.07.013   Google Scholar

WHITZMAN C., 2008, The Handboook of Community Safety, Gender and Violence Prevention – Practical Planning Tools, Earthscan, London.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2008.9982680   Google Scholar


Opublikowane
2020-01-02

Cited By / Share

Hristić, N. D., & Stefanović, N. (2020). Czy pojawienie się migrantów zmienia postrzeganie przestrzeni publicznej przez obywateli? Przypadek naruszonej zrównoważoności, Belgrad, Serbia. Problemy Ekorozwoju Problems of Sustainable Development, 15(1), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.35784/pe.2020.1.08

Autorzy

Nataša Danilović Hristić 

Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia , Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra73/II, Belgrade Serbia

Autorzy

Nebojša Stefanović 

Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia , Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra73/II, Belgrade Serbia

Statystyki

Abstract views: 37
PDF downloads: 16