Ocena Odziaływania na Zdrowie jako niezbędny element prawa ochrony środowiska w krajowym porządku prawnym. Rozważania na gruncie prawa międzynarodowego
Maciej Pakowski
Kancelaria adwokacka, ul. Piotrkowska 287/2, 90-003 Łódź (Polska)
Anna Garus-Pakowska
anna.garus-pakowska@umed.lodz.plUniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Zakład Żywienia i Epidemiologii, ul. Żeligowskiego 7/9, Łódź (Polska)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-8146
Abstrakt
Celem niniejszej publikacji było wykazanie, że wyznaczone przez prawo międzynarodowe standardy ochrony środowiska wymagają od państw przeprowadzania oceny oddziaływania na zdrowie przed realizacją inwestycji publicznej lub prywatnej, która mogłaby potencjalnie oddziaływać na zdrowie nawet wówczas gdy nie wymagają tego krajowe porządki prawne. Analiza zarówno miękkiego prawa międzynarodowego, jaki i prawa traktatowego oraz orzecznictwa międzynarodowych sądów i trybunałów wskazuje, że ocena oddziaływania na środowisko jest międzynarodowym prawem ius cogens. Równocześnie prawo człowieka do informacji oraz ochrony życia i zdrowia uznawane są za fundamentalne prawa człowieka. Oznacza to w ocenie autorów, że przeprowadzenie prawidłowej oceny oddziaływania na środowisko z pominięciem kwestii odziaływania na zdrowie człowieka nie jest możliwe. Byłoby sprzeczne z prawem człowieka do informacji, oraz z obowiązkiem rządów zapewnienia obywatelom aktywnej przejrzystości, o której wspomina Międzyamerykański Trybunał Praw Człowieka, czy z zasadą fair balance wypracowaną w orzecznictwie adekwatnego Trybunału w Europie oraz z celami zrównoważonego rozwoju przyjętymi w Agendzie 2030. Zdaniem autorów ocena oddziaływania na zdrowie jest immanentną i integralną częścią oceny oddziaływania na środowisko, zaś ewentualny brak w prawie krajowym przepisów nakładających na inwestora obowiązku przeprowadzenie oceny oddziaływania na zdrowie, tam gdzie istnieje konieczność przeprowadzenia oceny oddziaływania na środowisko nie uzasadnia zaniechania przeprowadzenia tej oceny.
Słowa kluczowe:
zdrowie publiczne, bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne, bezpieczeństwo środowiskowe, środowisko człowieka, prawa człowieka, ocena wpływu na zdrowie, prawoBibliografia
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Autorzy
Maciej PakowskiKancelaria adwokacka, ul. Piotrkowska 287/2, 90-003 Łódź Polska
Autorzy
Anna Garus-Pakowskaanna.garus-pakowska@umed.lodz.pl
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Zakład Żywienia i Epidemiologii, ul. Żeligowskiego 7/9, Łódź Polska
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-8146
Statystyki
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