Comparative analysis of Espresso and Appium frameworks for automated UI testing of Android mobile applications

This paper presents an empirical comparison of two leading frameworks for automated UI testing of Android applications: Espresso and Appium. An identical suite of 65 test cases was implemented in both frameworks for the MediTrack medication management application and executed in ten independent runs. Analysis of stable runs showed that Espresso completed the test suite in 437.4 s on average, while Appium required 727.7 s, a slowdown factor of 1.66. Per-module ratios ranged from 0.71 to 2.78, depending on test complexity. Appium achieved higher run stability (80% vs 60%), while standard deviations of stable runs were comparable. The results provide empirical guidance for choosing between the frameworks based on project requirements.