W kierunku relacji natura – kultura w historycznych centrach. Przykłady przestrzeni publicznych poza obszarami turystycznymi we Florencji (Włochy)
Corinna Del Bianco
corinnadelbianco@gmail.comPolitecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture and Urban Studies (DAStU) (Włochy)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-0790
Abstrakt
Centra historyczne na całym świecie stoją w obliczu problemów, z którymi nigdy wcześniej się nie zetknęły, takich jak zmiany klimatyczne i, dla niektórych, masowa turystyka. Z biegiem czasu relacja między naturą a kulturą stała się przedmiotem konfliktu, przy czym natura jest postrzegana jako zagrożenie dla zachowania dziedzictwa materialnego; jednocześnie turystyka zaburzyła rzeczywistość centrów historycznych, narażając na szwank ich funkcjonowanie zarówno dla mieszkańców, jak i turystów.
W kontekście tych wielkich przeobrażeń rola przestrzeni publicznej historycznych centrów uległa zmianie. Te przestrzenie publiczne, pomyślane jako zbiór elementów tworzących scenę miejską i reprezentujących tożsamość społeczności, uległy już znacznym zmianom; z jednej strony muszą odpowiadać na potrzeby użytkowników, którzy są głównie turystami i przybywają w większej liczbie niż pierwotnie przewidywano, a z drugiej strony doświadczają skutków zmian klimatycznych, wraz ze wzrostem temperatur, wyspami ciepła, zmianami w rozkładzie i konsystencji opadów oraz innymi kwestiami specyficznymi dla danego miejsca.
Ośrodki historyczne i kultura mogą przyczynić się do realizacji celów zrównoważonego rozwoju, a konserwacja odgrywa ważną rolę w tworzeniu projektów w synergicznych relacjach ze środowiskiem naturalnym. Po dokonaniu przeglądu problemów, zgodnie z aktualną literaturą na temat turystyki w centrach historycznych oraz w oparciu o doświadczenia stosowania naturalnych rozwiązań konserwacyjnych, w niniejszym artykule przedstawiono dwa pozytywne przykłady ochrony i rewitalizacji przestrzeni publicznej w historycznych centrach UNESCO we Florencji, które powstały w odpowiedzi na najważniejsze problemy tego obszaru oraz potrzebę poprawy stanu historycznego krajobrazu miejskiego.
Słowa kluczowe:
centra historyczne, turystyka, przestrzeń publiczna, naturalne rozwiązania, relacja natura – kulturaBibliografia
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Autorzy
Corinna Del Biancocorinnadelbianco@gmail.com
Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture and Urban Studies (DAStU) Włochy
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-0790
Statystyki
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Licencja
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