Assessing Forest Conservation Strategies for Biodiversity Restoration and Sustainable Development: A Comparative Analysis of Global Income Groups
Rima H. Binsaeed
King Saud University, College of Business Administration, Department of Management, Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
Abdelmohsen A. Nassani
King Saud University, College of Business Administration, Department of Management, Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
Khalid Zaman
khalid_zaman786@yahoo.comThe University of Haripur, Department of Economics, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan)
Zeeshan Arshad
Universidade de Aveiro, Department of Environment and Planning, CESAM /Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro (Portugal)
Mohamed Haffar
University of Birmingham, Birmingham Business School, Department of Management, Birmingham (United Kingdom)
Dadang Yunus Lutfiansyah
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Community Education, Kota Bandung (Indonesia)
Kamalularifin Subari
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Johor (Malaysia)
Hailan Salamun
Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Studies (PPAL), Department of Nationhood and Civilization, Terengganu (Malaysia)
Abstract
The escalating rate of deforestation presents significant challenges to the global economy, including the loss of habitats for endangered species and a decline in biocapacity reserves. This situation also raises concerns about overcrowding and excessive production, which can undermine conservation efforts. Addressing this issue, Sustainable Development Goal 15 of the United Nations emphasizes managing forest resources, preventing habitat loss, combatting desertification, and expanding biodiversity reserves. Its contributions have played a pivotal role in wildlife conservation, mitigating rural-urban migration and preserving land resources. Given the relevance of this problem, this study examines the consequences of ongoing tropical deforestation on the loss of endangered species habitats while controlling for biocapacity reserves, urbanization, economic growth, and industrialization across a large sample of 159 nations, further categorized into low-, middle-, and high-income countries. The findings from cross-sectional and quantile regression analyses reveal that higher deforestation rates, increased rural-urban migration, and greater industrialization threaten endangered species habitats. Conversely, increased biocapacity reserves and economic growth contribute to wildlife restoration. Granger causality estimations highlight unidirectional relationships between deforestation and biodiversity loss (as well as biocapacity reserves), while deforestation and industrialization exhibit bidirectional causality. The results further indicate that sustained economic growth leads to deforestation, biocapacity reserves, and urbanization, while urbanization contributes to deforestation. This underscores the role of deforestation as the primary driver of habitat loss for endangered species and the depletion of biocapacity, thereby fostering mass production. Urbanization and economic growth are shown to be causally linked to deforestation across countries. The study underscores the urgent need to safeguard forest reserves against large-scale land conversion for infrastructure development, industrialization, and settlement of overpopulated urban areas, as these factors contribute to habitat degradation and biodiversity loss. Conserving, restoring, and promoting sustainable utilization of ecosystems are essential measures to address natural uncertainties and advance Sustainable development goals.
Keywords:
deforestation, biodiversity loss, biocapacity reserves, urbanization, industrialization, economic growth, quantile regressionReferences
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Authors
Rima H. BinsaeedKing Saud University, College of Business Administration, Department of Management, Riyadh Saudi Arabia
Authors
Abdelmohsen A. NassaniKing Saud University, College of Business Administration, Department of Management, Riyadh Saudi Arabia
Authors
Khalid Zamankhalid_zaman786@yahoo.com
The University of Haripur, Department of Economics, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors
Zeeshan ArshadUniversidade de Aveiro, Department of Environment and Planning, CESAM /Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro Portugal
Authors
Mohamed HaffarUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham Business School, Department of Management, Birmingham United Kingdom
Authors
Dadang Yunus LutfiansyahUniversitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Department of Community Education, Kota Bandung Indonesia
Authors
Kamalularifin SubariUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Johor Malaysia
Authors
Hailan SalamunMalaysia Terengganu (UMT), Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Studies (PPAL), Department of Nationhood and Civilization, Terengganu Malaysia
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