A Study on the Impact of Reform and Opening-up on Sustainable Development: Evidence from China
Linglin Xiang
Chengdu University of Information Technology, School of Statistics, Chengdu 610103, China (China)
Huaixi Zhang
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Business Administration and Management, Chengdu 611130, China (China)
Yiqing Lyu
yiqingiyu1991@gmail.comSichuan University, School of Economics, Chengdu 610000, China (China)
Abstract
This paper selected the data of 284 prefectural-level cities in China in the time range of 2011 to 2020 as the research sample, and established an index system of sustainable development consisting of 22 indicators including economic development, social progress, ecological environment and public institutions and so on, to comprehensive evaluate the sustainability of the cities. Total annual investment in pollution control is selected as the proxy variable of reform, and annual actual amount of foreign investment used is selected as the proxy variable of opening-up, to empirically explore the impact of the two on sustainable development. The results of empirical analysis show that reform and opening-up has a significant positive impact on sustainable development. After fixing time and individual effect, it is found that the effect of reform is more prominent. Regional heterogeneity analysis shows that, the impact strength of reform and opening-up in the east is larger than that in the middle and west of China. To study the spatial auto-correlation and spillover effect, Moran’s I was calculated and spatial Durbin model was constructed based on the weight matrix of geographical distance, which produced the results that spatial agglomeration is evident for sustainability, and that reform has a significant positive spillover effect. Further, considering the time auto-correlation of sustainability, a dynamic panel model is established, and dynamic threshold regression is carried out. Results show that lag effect of sustainability is significant, and a certain threshold must reform reach can sustainable development be promoted. This paper puts forward several policy suggestions in terms of formulating effective sustainable development strategy, to provide insights for new-pattern urbanization in the future.
Keywords:
sustainable development, reform and opening-up, environment protection, spatial Durbin model, dynamic panel threshold modelReferences
CHEN S.Q., CHEN B., Brian D. et al., 2014, Urban Ecosystem Modeling and Global Change: Potential for rational urban management and emissions mitigation, Environmental Pollution 190(04): 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.03.032.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.03.032
Google Scholar
CHEN X., LIANG. X D., 2021, Foreign direct investment and environmental pollution: A fiscal decentralization perspective, Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment 19(1): 34-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2021.12.004.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2021.12.004
Google Scholar
CORMIER R., ELLIOTT M., 2017, SMART Marine Goals, Targets and Management: Is SDG 14 Operational or Aspirational, is 'Life Below Water' sinking or swimming?, Marine Pollution Bulletin 123(1-2): 28-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.060.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.060
Google Scholar
FAN J., WAN W., YUAN X.H., RANAEI F., 2020, Evolution trends and structural decomposition of China's green value-added over 40 years of reform and opening-up. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment 18(2): 69-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2019.10.001.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2019.10.001
Google Scholar
HUANG T.H., HU X.Y., CHEN S.F. et al., 2020, Evaluation of the sustainable Development Level of the Belt and Road Countries’ and its Impact Factors, China population, Resources and Environment 30(12): 27-37, https://doi.org/10.12062/cpre.20200901.
Google Scholar
HUANG Z.Y., GU C.L., ZHEN F., 2000, A Study on Sustainable Development Ability of Jiangsu Province, Economic Geography 05;43-46+51, https://doi.org/10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2000.05.011.
Google Scholar
KLOPP J.M., PETRETTA D.L., 2016, The Urban Sustainable Development Goal: Indicators, Complexity and the Politics of Measuring Cities, Cities 63: 92-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.12.019.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.12.019
Google Scholar
LOPEZ R.E., FIGUROA B.E., 2016, On the Nexus between Fiscal Policies and Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development 24(4): 201-219, https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1622.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1622
Google Scholar
MA Y.M., WU Y.M., WU B.J., 2015, Comprehensive Evaluation of Sustainable Urban Development of Yangtze River Delta Based on Entropy Method and Quadrant Method, Economic Geography 35(06): 47-53, https://doi.org/ 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2015.06.007.
Google Scholar
MISZTAL A., KOWALSKA M., FAJCZAK, K.A., 2022, The Impact of Economic Factors on the Sustainable Development of Energy Enterprises: The Case of Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia and Poland, Energies 15(18): 6842, https://doi.org/10.3390/EN15186842.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186842
Google Scholar
NEUMANN K., ANDERSON C., DENICH M., 2018, Participatory, explorative, qualitative modeling: Application of the iMODELER Software to Assess Trade-offs among the SDGs. Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal 12: 1-19, https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-25.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-25
Google Scholar
ULLA M., JAN H., ANDREAS Z., BRIAN D., 2013, Urban Ecosystems and Sustainable Urban Development - Analysing and Assessing Interacting Systems in the Stockholm region, Urban Ecosystems 16(4): 763-782, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-012-0270-3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-012-0270-3
Google Scholar
WANG, Z.X., JV, Y.Q., SHOU, M.H., PENG, G., 2022, Quantitative evaluation of the green production and consumption policies in China, Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 20(2): 199-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2022.06.010.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjpre.2022.06.010
Google Scholar
YANG Y.Y., ZHENG Y.H., 2013, Empirical Study on Efficiency Factor of Regional Economy Sustainable Development in China – Based on Panel Data Quantile Regression Model, Journal of West Anhui University: 46-52.
Google Scholar
ZHANG J., ZENG W., WANG J. et al., 2015, Regional Low-carbon Economy Efficiency in China: Analysis Based on the Super-SBM Model with CO2 Emissions, Journal of Cleaner Production 163: 202-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.111.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.111
Google Scholar
ZHANG S.Y., LI D.S., LIU Y.Y., 2013, Study on the Evaluation of Regional Industrial Eco-efficiency and Its Influence, Statistics and Decision (3): 61-64, https://doi.org/10.13546/j.cnki.tjyjc.2013.03.043.
Google Scholar
Authors
Linglin XiangChengdu University of Information Technology, School of Statistics, Chengdu 610103, China China
Authors
Huaixi ZhangSouthwestern University of Finance and Economics, Business Administration and Management, Chengdu 611130, China China
Authors
Yiqing Lyuyiqingiyu1991@gmail.com
Sichuan University, School of Economics, Chengdu 610000, China China
Statistics
Abstract views: 185PDF downloads: 172
