The BIM-based investment risk management framework in construction projects

The article addresses risk management in building construction projects amid increasing technical, organisational, and informational complexity. It presents an approach in which the Building Information Modelling (BIM) environment serves as an active risk management tool, integrating risk identification, analysis, and monitoring with project information management in accordance with ISO 19650. The study highlights the role of key project documents - Employer’s Information Requirements (EIR) and the BIM Execution Plan (BEP) - in mitigating organisational and technical risks. It also examines contractual risks in public procurement, the legal status of BIM models versus traditional documentation, and issues of intellectual property and data access within the Common Data Environment (CDE). The article proposes using the RACI matrix for systematic allocation of risk management responsibilities among stakeholders. Integration of BIM coordination, clash detection, data interoperability analyses, and BIM for Safety enables early identification of technical risks. The study’s main contribution is an integrated, application-oriented risk management model combining EIR and BEP, the RACI matrix, and BIM for Safety principles, serving as a reference for contractual and risk management procedures. Results show that BIM transforms risk management from reactive to proactive, data-driven, and continuous, shifting BIM from a design-support tool to an integrated environment covering the entire building life cycle.