Communication and buildings. Space as mass-media
Anna Gawlikowska
Department of Mechanical Engineering; ETH Zurich, Switzerland (Switzerland)
Abstract
After providing definition and social roles of communication, media and mass-media, placing of architecture and urban space as one of the media types is proposed. Subsequently, architecture is looked at in the context of mass-media meaning transmission methods, roles, functions, effects and drawbacks. Articulating phenomena in architectural communication are listed, along with exemplary methods, in which design of space can shape public opinion. Models of mass communication are defined and discussed in context of architecture and urban space. This paper provides examples of short-, intermediate-, and long-term effects facilitated through space, as well as analyses, how architecture performs functions of media in society.
Keywords:
Mass-media, architecture, urban design, communication, social rituals, symbols, language, transmissionReferences
Scruton R. The Aesthetics of Architecture. Methuen & Co. Ltd, London, 1979.
Google Scholar
Vipond M. The mass media in Canada. James Lorimer & Company, 2000.
Google Scholar
Peters J.D. Speaking into the air: A history of the idea of communication. Chicago, I L University of Chicago Press, 1999.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226922638.001.0001
Google Scholar
Rittel S.J. Komunikacja polityczna. Dyskurs polityczny. Język w przestrzeni politycznej. Wydawnictwo Akademii Świętokrzyskiej, Kielce, 2003.
Google Scholar
Goban-Klas T. Media i komunikowanie masowe. Wyd. PWN, Warszawa, Kraków, 2002.
Google Scholar
De Fleur M.L. Theories of Mass Communication. D. McKay , New York, 1966.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2575832
Google Scholar
Shannon C.E., Weaver W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: The University of Illinois Press, 1949.
Google Scholar
Finnegan J.R., Jr., Viswanath K. Communication Theory and Health Behavior Change: The Media Studies Framework. In: Health Behavior and Health Education, 2nd edition, eds.Glanz K., Lewis F.M., Rimer B.K. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1997.
Google Scholar
Sullivan T. J. Sociology: Concepts and Applications in a Diverse World. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc, 2007.
Google Scholar
Lorimer R., Scannell P. Mass communications: a comparative introduction. Manchester University Press, 1994.
Google Scholar
Storey J. Cultural theory and popular culture. Pearson Education, 2006.
Google Scholar
Campos Gonçalves S. Cultura e Sociedade de Consumo: um olhar em retrospecto. InRevista - Núcleo de Produção Científica em Comunicação – UNAERP (Ribeirão Preto), vol. 3, 2008.
Google Scholar
Lasswell H.D. Power and Personality. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1948.
Google Scholar
Wright C.R. Functional Analysis and Mass Communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 24, 1960.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/266976
Google Scholar
McQuail D. Mass Communication Theory. An Introduction. 5 Edition (2005), Sage, London, 1983.
Google Scholar
Westley B., McLean M. A conceptual model for mass communication research. Journalism Quterly, 34 (1957) 8-31.
Google Scholar
McQuail D. Mass Communication Theory. An Introduction. 5 Edition (2005), Sage, London, 1983.
Google Scholar
Altheide D.L., Snow R.P. Media logic. Beverly Hills, Ca, Sage, 1979.
Google Scholar
Kreps G.L., Thornton B.C. Health Communication Theory & Practice. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1992.
Google Scholar
Scruton R. The Aesthetics of Architecture. Methuen & Co. Ltd, London, 1979.
Google Scholar
Durand J.N.L. Précis des leçons d’Architecture données à l’École polytechnique. 2 vols (1819) 1802-1805.
Google Scholar
Collins P. Concrete. Faber and Faber, London, 1959.
Google Scholar
Eisenman P. From Object to Relationship II: Giuseppe Teragni Casa Giuliani Frigerio. Perspecta, vol. 13/14, 1971.
Google Scholar
Alexander C., Ishikawa S., Silverstein M. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. Oxford University Press, New York, 1977.
Google Scholar
Ching F.D.K. Architecure Form, Space and Order. van Nostrand Rienhold, New York, 1979.
Google Scholar
Hill R. Designs and their Consequences. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1999.
Google Scholar
Forty A. Words and Buildings: a vocabulary of modern architecture. Thames and Huston, 2000.
Google Scholar
Blondel J.F. Cours d’architecture. 4 vols, Paris, 1771-77.
Google Scholar
Norberg-Schulz C. Intentions in Architecture. Scandinavian University Books, Oslo & Allen and Unwin, London, 1963.
Google Scholar
Vidler A. The Third Typology. Oppositions, no. 7, 1977.
Google Scholar
Moneo R. On Typology. Oppositions, vol. 13, 1978.
Google Scholar
Bandini M. Typology as a Form of Convention. AA Files, vol. 6, 1984.
Google Scholar
Semper G. The Four Elements of Architecture and Other Wrightings. trans. Mallgrave H.F., Herrmann W., Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Google Scholar
Viollet-le-Duc E.E. (1863, 1872) Lectures on Architecture. trans. Bucknall B. (1877 and 1881), Dover Publications, New York, 1987.
Google Scholar
Frankl P. Principles of Architectural History. trans. O’Gorman (1968), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and London, 1914.
Google Scholar
Sullivan L.H. The Autobiography of an Idea. Dover Publications, New York, 1924.
Google Scholar
Behne A. The Modern Functional Building. 1926, trans. Robinson M., Getty Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA, 1996.
Google Scholar
Taut B. Die neue Baukunst in Europa und Amerika. Stuttgart, eng. trans: Modern Architecture, The Studio, London, 1929.
Google Scholar
Norberg-Schulz C. Intentions in Architecture. Scandinavian University Books, Oslo & Allen and Unwin, London, 1963.
Google Scholar
Collins P. Changing Ideals in Modern Architecture 1750-1950. Faber and Faber, London, 1965.
Google Scholar
Colquhoun A. Plateau Beaubourg, in: Essays in Architectural Criticism. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and London, 1981.
Google Scholar
Hillier B. Space is the Machine. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.
Google Scholar
Taut B. Die neue Baukunst in Europa und Amerika. Stuttgart, eng. trans: Modern Architecture, The Studio, London, 1929.
Google Scholar
Alexander C. Notes on the Synthesis of Form. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1964.
Google Scholar
Venturi R. Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. Architectural Press, London, 1977.
Google Scholar
Eisenman P. From Object to Relationship II: Giuseppe Teragni Casa Giuliani Frigerio. Perspecta, vol. 13/14, 1971.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1566970
Google Scholar
Summers D. Form and Gender. in: Bryson, N. et al. (ed.) Visual Culture. Images and Interpretations. Hanover, New Hampshire, 1994.
Google Scholar
Whatley T. Observations on Modern Gardening. Dublin, in: Hunt and Willis, The Genius of the Place, 1770.
Google Scholar
Boffrand G. Livre d’architecture. Paris, 1745.
Google Scholar
Viollet-le-Duc E.E. (1863, 1872) Lectures on Architecture. trans. Bucknall B. (1877 and 1881), Dover Publications, New York, 1987.
Google Scholar
Norberg-Schulz C. The Phenomenon of Place. Architectural Association Quaterly, vol. 8, no. 4, 1976. In: Norberg-Schulz C. Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture. London, Academy Editions, 1980.
Google Scholar
Vesley D. Architecture and the Poetics of Representation. Daidalos, no. 25, 1987.
Google Scholar
Wagner O. (1896) Modern Architecture. trans. Magllgrave, H. F. (1988), Getty Center, Santa Monica, CA.
Google Scholar
Gropius W. The New Architecture and the Bauhaus. Faber and Faber, London, 1935.
Google Scholar
Baudrillard J. Simulations. trans. Foss P., Patton P., Beitchman P., Semiotext(e), New York, 1983.
Google Scholar
Tschumi B. Disjunctions, in: Architecture and Disjunction. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, and London, 1987.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1567111
Google Scholar
Vesley D. Architecture and the Poetics of Representation. Daidalos, no. 25, 1987.
Google Scholar
Lethaby W. R. The Architecture of Adventure. in: Form in Civilization, 1910.
Google Scholar
Vesley D. Architecture and the Poetics of Representation. Daidalos, no. 25, 1987.
Google Scholar
Rossi A. The architecture of the City. trans. Ghirardo D., Ockamn J., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and London, 1966.
Google Scholar
Stern R. At the Edge of Post-Modernism. Architectural Design, vol. 47, no. 4, 1977.
Google Scholar
Rogers E.N. Continuitá. Casabella continuitá, no. 199, 1954
Google Scholar
Alexander C. Notes on the Synthesis of Form. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1964.
Google Scholar
Mills C.W. The Power Elite. Oxford Press, Oxfrord, 1956.
Google Scholar
Eco U. Towards a Semiological Guerrilla Warfare. first given as a lecture at conference Vision ‘67 in New York, 1967.
Google Scholar
Littlejohn S.W. Theories of human communication. 7th edition, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2002.
Google Scholar
Nijakowski L.M. Domeny symboliczne. Konflikty narodowe i etniczne w wymiarze symbolicznym. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa, 2006.
Google Scholar
Markus T.A. Buildings & Power. Freedom & Control in the origin of the Modern Building Types. London, Routledge, 1993.
Google Scholar
McQuail D. Mass Communication Theory. An Introduction. 5 Edition (2005), Sage, London, 1983.
Google Scholar
Norberg-Schulz Ch. Znaczenie w architekturze Zachodu. Wydawnictwo Murator, Warszawa, 1991.
Google Scholar
Kula M. Nośniki pamięci historycznej. Warszawa, Wydawnictwo DiG, 2002.
Google Scholar
Miller G. A. Language and Communication. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1951.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/11135-000
Google Scholar
Markus T.A. Buildings & Power. Freedom & Control in the origin of the Modern Building Types. London, Routledge, 1993.
Google Scholar
Barnes J. Making a difference with ambient media. Admap, London, 1999.
Google Scholar
Mcdermott R.J., Albrecht T.L. Encyclopedia of Public Health. encyclopedia.com, 2002.
Google Scholar
Schiller F. Über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen. Epistle Publication, 1795.
Google Scholar
Norberg-Schulz Ch. Znaczenie w architekturze Zachodu. Wydawnictwo Murator, Warszawa, 1991.
Google Scholar
McQuail D. Mass Communication Theory. An Introduction. 5 Edition (2005), Sage, London, 1983.
Google Scholar
Piaget J. The Psychology of Intelligence. Routlege and Kegan Paul, London / Littlefield, NY, 1968, in: Norberg-Schulz Ch. Bycie, przestrzeń i architektura. Wydawnictwo Murator, Biblioteka Architekta, Warszawa, 2000.
Google Scholar
McQuail D. Mass Communication Theory. An Introduction. 5 Edition (2005), Sage, London, 1983.
Google Scholar
McAllister M.P. The Commercialization of American Culture: New Advertising, Control and Democracy. Sage Publications, 1995.
Google Scholar
Authors
Anna GawlikowskaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering; ETH Zurich, Switzerland Switzerland
Statistics
Abstract views: 251PDF downloads: 169
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Budownictwo i Architektura supports the open science program. The journal enables Open Access to their publications. Everyone can view, download and forward articles, provided that the terms of the license are respected.
Publishing of articles is possible after submitting a signed statement on the transfer of a license to the Journal.