Communication and buildings. Space as mass-media

Anna Gawlikowska


Department of Mechanical Engineering; ETH Zurich, Switzerland (Switzerland)

Abstract

After providing definition and social roles of communication, media and mass-media, placing of architecture and urban space as one of the media types is proposed. Subsequently, architecture is looked at in the context of mass-media meaning transmission methods, roles, functions, effects and drawbacks. Articulating phenomena in architectural communication are listed, along with exemplary methods, in which design of space can shape public opinion. Models of mass communication are defined and discussed in context of architecture and urban space. This paper provides examples of short-, intermediate-, and long-term effects facilitated through space, as well as analyses, how architecture performs functions of media in society.


Keywords:

Mass-media, architecture, urban design, communication, social rituals, symbols, language, transmission

Scruton R. The Aesthetics of Architecture. Methuen & Co. Ltd, London, 1979.
  Google Scholar

Vipond M. The mass media in Canada. James Lorimer & Company, 2000.
  Google Scholar

Peters J.D. Speaking into the air: A history of the idea of communication. Chicago, I L University of Chicago Press, 1999.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226922638.001.0001   Google Scholar

Rittel S.J. Komunikacja polityczna. Dyskurs polityczny. Język w przestrzeni politycznej. Wydawnictwo Akademii Świętokrzyskiej, Kielce, 2003.
  Google Scholar

Goban-Klas T. Media i komunikowanie masowe. Wyd. PWN, Warszawa, Kraków, 2002.
  Google Scholar

De Fleur M.L. Theories of Mass Communication. D. McKay , New York, 1966.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2575832   Google Scholar

Shannon C.E., Weaver W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: The University of Illinois Press, 1949.
  Google Scholar

Finnegan J.R., Jr., Viswanath K. Communication Theory and Health Behavior Change: The Media Studies Framework. In: Health Behavior and Health Education, 2nd edition, eds.Glanz K., Lewis F.M., Rimer B.K. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1997.
  Google Scholar

Sullivan T. J. Sociology: Concepts and Applications in a Diverse World. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc, 2007.
  Google Scholar

Lorimer R., Scannell P. Mass communications: a comparative introduction. Manchester University Press, 1994.
  Google Scholar

Storey J. Cultural theory and popular culture. Pearson Education, 2006.
  Google Scholar

Campos Gonçalves S. Cultura e Sociedade de Consumo: um olhar em retrospecto. InRevista - Núcleo de Produção Científica em Comunicação – UNAERP (Ribeirão Preto), vol. 3, 2008.
  Google Scholar

Lasswell H.D. Power and Personality. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1948.
  Google Scholar

Wright C.R. Functional Analysis and Mass Communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 24, 1960.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/266976   Google Scholar

McQuail D. Mass Communication Theory. An Introduction. 5 Edition (2005), Sage, London, 1983.
  Google Scholar

Westley B., McLean M. A conceptual model for mass communication research. Journalism Quterly, 34 (1957) 8-31.
  Google Scholar

McQuail D. Mass Communication Theory. An Introduction. 5 Edition (2005), Sage, London, 1983.
  Google Scholar

Altheide D.L., Snow R.P. Media logic. Beverly Hills, Ca, Sage, 1979.
  Google Scholar

Kreps G.L., Thornton B.C. Health Communication Theory & Practice. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1992.
  Google Scholar

Scruton R. The Aesthetics of Architecture. Methuen & Co. Ltd, London, 1979.
  Google Scholar

Durand J.N.L. Précis des leçons d’Architecture données à l’École polytechnique. 2 vols (1819) 1802-1805.
  Google Scholar

Collins P. Concrete. Faber and Faber, London, 1959.
  Google Scholar

Eisenman P. From Object to Relationship II: Giuseppe Teragni Casa Giuliani Frigerio. Perspecta, vol. 13/14, 1971.
  Google Scholar

Alexander C., Ishikawa S., Silverstein M. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. Oxford University Press, New York, 1977.
  Google Scholar

Ching F.D.K. Architecure Form, Space and Order. van Nostrand Rienhold, New York, 1979.
  Google Scholar

Hill R. Designs and their Consequences. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1999.
  Google Scholar

Forty A. Words and Buildings: a vocabulary of modern architecture. Thames and Huston, 2000.
  Google Scholar

Blondel J.F. Cours d’architecture. 4 vols, Paris, 1771-77.
  Google Scholar

Norberg-Schulz C. Intentions in Architecture. Scandinavian University Books, Oslo & Allen and Unwin, London, 1963.
  Google Scholar

Vidler A. The Third Typology. Oppositions, no. 7, 1977.
  Google Scholar

Moneo R. On Typology. Oppositions, vol. 13, 1978.
  Google Scholar

Bandini M. Typology as a Form of Convention. AA Files, vol. 6, 1984.
  Google Scholar

Semper G. The Four Elements of Architecture and Other Wrightings. trans. Mallgrave H.F., Herrmann W., Cambridge University Press, 1989.
  Google Scholar

Viollet-le-Duc E.E. (1863, 1872) Lectures on Architecture. trans. Bucknall B. (1877 and 1881), Dover Publications, New York, 1987.
  Google Scholar

Frankl P. Principles of Architectural History. trans. O’Gorman (1968), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and London, 1914.
  Google Scholar

Sullivan L.H. The Autobiography of an Idea. Dover Publications, New York, 1924.
  Google Scholar

Behne A. The Modern Functional Building. 1926, trans. Robinson M., Getty Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA, 1996.
  Google Scholar

Taut B. Die neue Baukunst in Europa und Amerika. Stuttgart, eng. trans: Modern Architecture, The Studio, London, 1929.
  Google Scholar

Norberg-Schulz C. Intentions in Architecture. Scandinavian University Books, Oslo & Allen and Unwin, London, 1963.
  Google Scholar

Collins P. Changing Ideals in Modern Architecture 1750-1950. Faber and Faber, London, 1965.
  Google Scholar

Colquhoun A. Plateau Beaubourg, in: Essays in Architectural Criticism. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and London, 1981.
  Google Scholar

Hillier B. Space is the Machine. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.
  Google Scholar

Taut B. Die neue Baukunst in Europa und Amerika. Stuttgart, eng. trans: Modern Architecture, The Studio, London, 1929.
  Google Scholar

Alexander C. Notes on the Synthesis of Form. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1964.
  Google Scholar

Venturi R. Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. Architectural Press, London, 1977.
  Google Scholar

Eisenman P. From Object to Relationship II: Giuseppe Teragni Casa Giuliani Frigerio. Perspecta, vol. 13/14, 1971.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1566970   Google Scholar

Summers D. Form and Gender. in: Bryson, N. et al. (ed.) Visual Culture. Images and Interpretations. Hanover, New Hampshire, 1994.
  Google Scholar

Whatley T. Observations on Modern Gardening. Dublin, in: Hunt and Willis, The Genius of the Place, 1770.
  Google Scholar

Boffrand G. Livre d’architecture. Paris, 1745.
  Google Scholar

Viollet-le-Duc E.E. (1863, 1872) Lectures on Architecture. trans. Bucknall B. (1877 and 1881), Dover Publications, New York, 1987.
  Google Scholar

Norberg-Schulz C. The Phenomenon of Place. Architectural Association Quaterly, vol. 8, no. 4, 1976. In: Norberg-Schulz C. Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture. London, Academy Editions, 1980.
  Google Scholar

Vesley D. Architecture and the Poetics of Representation. Daidalos, no. 25, 1987.
  Google Scholar

Wagner O. (1896) Modern Architecture. trans. Magllgrave, H. F. (1988), Getty Center, Santa Monica, CA.
  Google Scholar

Gropius W. The New Architecture and the Bauhaus. Faber and Faber, London, 1935.
  Google Scholar

Baudrillard J. Simulations. trans. Foss P., Patton P., Beitchman P., Semiotext(e), New York, 1983.
  Google Scholar

Tschumi B. Disjunctions, in: Architecture and Disjunction. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, and London, 1987.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1567111   Google Scholar

Vesley D. Architecture and the Poetics of Representation. Daidalos, no. 25, 1987.
  Google Scholar

Lethaby W. R. The Architecture of Adventure. in: Form in Civilization, 1910.
  Google Scholar

Vesley D. Architecture and the Poetics of Representation. Daidalos, no. 25, 1987.
  Google Scholar

Rossi A. The architecture of the City. trans. Ghirardo D., Ockamn J., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and London, 1966.
  Google Scholar

Stern R. At the Edge of Post-Modernism. Architectural Design, vol. 47, no. 4, 1977.
  Google Scholar

Rogers E.N. Continuitá. Casabella continuitá, no. 199, 1954
  Google Scholar

Alexander C. Notes on the Synthesis of Form. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1964.
  Google Scholar

Mills C.W. The Power Elite. Oxford Press, Oxfrord, 1956.
  Google Scholar

Eco U. Towards a Semiological Guerrilla Warfare. first given as a lecture at conference Vision ‘67 in New York, 1967.
  Google Scholar

Littlejohn S.W. Theories of human communication. 7th edition, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2002.
  Google Scholar

Nijakowski L.M. Domeny symboliczne. Konflikty narodowe i etniczne w wymiarze symbolicznym. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa, 2006.
  Google Scholar

Markus T.A. Buildings & Power. Freedom & Control in the origin of the Modern Building Types. London, Routledge, 1993.
  Google Scholar

McQuail D. Mass Communication Theory. An Introduction. 5 Edition (2005), Sage, London, 1983.
  Google Scholar

Norberg-Schulz Ch. Znaczenie w architekturze Zachodu. Wydawnictwo Murator, Warszawa, 1991.
  Google Scholar

Kula M. Nośniki pamięci historycznej. Warszawa, Wydawnictwo DiG, 2002.
  Google Scholar

Miller G. A. Language and Communication. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1951.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/11135-000   Google Scholar

Markus T.A. Buildings & Power. Freedom & Control in the origin of the Modern Building Types. London, Routledge, 1993.
  Google Scholar

Barnes J. Making a difference with ambient media. Admap, London, 1999.
  Google Scholar

Mcdermott R.J., Albrecht T.L. Encyclopedia of Public Health. encyclopedia.com, 2002.
  Google Scholar

Schiller F. Über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen. Epistle Publication, 1795.
  Google Scholar

Norberg-Schulz Ch. Znaczenie w architekturze Zachodu. Wydawnictwo Murator, Warszawa, 1991.
  Google Scholar

McQuail D. Mass Communication Theory. An Introduction. 5 Edition (2005), Sage, London, 1983.
  Google Scholar

Piaget J. The Psychology of Intelligence. Routlege and Kegan Paul, London / Littlefield, NY, 1968, in: Norberg-Schulz Ch. Bycie, przestrzeń i architektura. Wydawnictwo Murator, Biblioteka Architekta, Warszawa, 2000.
  Google Scholar

McQuail D. Mass Communication Theory. An Introduction. 5 Edition (2005), Sage, London, 1983.
  Google Scholar

McAllister M.P. The Commercialization of American Culture: New Advertising, Control and Democracy. Sage Publications, 1995.
  Google Scholar

Download


Published
2013-12-11

Cited by

Gawlikowska, A. (2013) “Communication and buildings. Space as mass-media”, Budownictwo i Architektura, 12(4), pp. 007–020. doi: 10.35784/bud-arch.1953.

Authors

Anna Gawlikowska 

Department of Mechanical Engineering; ETH Zurich, Switzerland Switzerland

Statistics

Abstract views: 237
PDF downloads: 150


License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Budownictwo i Architektura supports the open science program. The journal enables Open Access to their publications. Everyone can view, download and forward articles, provided that the terms of the license are respected.

Publishing of articles is possible after submitting a signed statement on the transfer of a license to the Journal.