Valuation of the capillary uptake phenomenon in the wall of the historic building using the surface TDR probe
Zbigniew Suchorab
Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment; Faculty of Environment Engineering; Lublin University of Technology (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-864X
Stanisław Fic
Department of Construction; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3182-9060
Danuta Barnat-Hunek
Department of General Construction of Buildings; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-3299
Abstract
Article discusses measuring potential of the TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) technique for terrain measurement of moisture in the masonries of the historical buildings. For the measurements it was applied modified TDR probe which enables noninvasive moisture detection in building materials, thus enables its application for in-situ measurements, especially in old, historical objects. Terrain measurements were realized on the external masonry made of red ceramic brick, being the part of the historical hospital located on the area of the “Wojewódzki Samodzielny Psychiatryczny Zespół Publicznych Zakładów Opieki Zdrowotnej im. prof. dr Jana Mazurkiewicza” in Pruszków. The masonry is stricken with capillary rise phenomenon by the water coming from the ground, which is also visible by visual observation. Conducted measurement enabled quantitative estimation of the phenomenon which threatens to the discussed object. Within the research, reflectometric measurements were conducted using the prototype surface TDR probes. Measurements were repeated to verify moisture changes in time. First series of measurement was conducted in summertime, in July 2010. The second one was conducted in November of the same year. Then, with the obtained data there were drawn moisture maps of the masonry, which indicated horizontal and vertical variations of moisture and interpretation of the obtained results enabled to confirm capillary uptake process in the examined masonry.
Keywords:
masonry moisture, moisture detection, capillary uptake, TDR techniqueReferences
] Jasieńko J., Matkowski Z., Bednarz Ł. Problemy w projektowaniu zabezpieczeń przeciwwilgociowych na przykładzie zabytkowego kościoła św. Jakuba w Nysie. X Jubileuszowa konferencja naukowo – techniczna REMO 2002: Problemy remontowe w budownictwie ogólnym i obiektach zabytkowych. Wrocław – Zamek Kliczków, 5 – 7.12.2002.
Google Scholar
Garecki M. Znaczenie diagnostyki w robotach izolacyjno – renowacyjnych budynków poddanych działaniu wilgoci. Renowacje i Zabytki 4 (2005) 127 – 137.
Google Scholar
Suchorab Z., Barnat-Hunek D. Sondy powierzchniowe TDR w bezinwazyjnych pomiarach wilgoci obiektów zabytkowych. Karta Krakowska 2000 10 lat później. Monografia 400 Seria Architektura. Politechnika Krakowska, Kraków (2011) 283-293.
Google Scholar
Suchorab Z., Pavlík Z., Černý R. Zastosowanie techniki pomiarowej TDR w badaniach terenowych przy wykorzystaniu sond powierzchniowych. Budownictwo i Architektura 8 (2011) 97-106.
Google Scholar
Suchorab Z. Pomiary terenowe wilgotności murów z wykorzystaniem powierzchniowych sond TDR. Materiały Budowlane - technologie - rynek – wykonawstwo 4(464) (2011) 22-24.
Google Scholar
Hunek R., Barnat – Hunek D., Mróz R. Ekspertyza techniczna budynku ,,Pawilon I” dla potrzeb projektu modernizacji obiektu w ramach rewitalizacji Szpitala Tworkowskiego. Centrum Techniki Budownictwa Komunalnego Ekotechnika Sp. z o.o. Warszawa (2007).
Google Scholar
Barnat-Hunek D., Iwanek A. Badania nad hydrofobizacją zniszczonych murów ceglanych na przykładzie Pawilonu i Szpitala Tworkowskiego w Pruszkowie. Str. 146 – 154. Wiadomości Konserwatorskie 28/2010.
Google Scholar
Skierucha W., Malicki M.A. TDR method for the measurement of water content and salinity of porous media. Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Lublin, 2004.
Google Scholar
Černý, R. Time domain reflectometry method and its application for measuring moisture content in porous materials: A review. Measurement 42(3) (2009) 329-336.
Google Scholar
Hansen E.J., Hansen M.H. TDR measurement of moisture content in aerated concrete. Building Physics, 6-th Nordic Symposium, (2002) 381-388.
Google Scholar
Suchorab Z., Widomski M., Łagód G., Sobczuk H. Capillary rise phenomenon in aerated concrete. Monitoring and simulations, Proceedings of ECOpole 4(2) (2010) 285-290.
Google Scholar
O’Connor, K.M., Dowding, C.H. GeoMeasurements by pulsing cables and probes, CRC Press, 1999.
Google Scholar
De Loor G.P. Dielectric properties of heterogeneous mixtures containing water, J. Microwave Power 3(2) (1968) 67-73.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222739.1968.11688670
Google Scholar
Topp G.C., Davis J.L., Annan A.P. Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: Measurements in coaxial transmission lines. Water Resour. Res. 16 (1980) 574-582.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/WR016i003p00574
Google Scholar
Malicki M.A., Plagge R., Roth C.H. Improving the calibration of dielectric TDR soil moisture determination taking into account the solid soil. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 47 (1996) 357–366.
Google Scholar
Suchorab Z., Sobczuk H. Dielectric properties of building materials, Thermophysics 2009, Conference Proceedings, Valtice 29-30.10.2009, Czech Republic, (2009) 138-146.
Google Scholar
Wraith J.M., Robinson D.A., Jones S.B., Long D.S. Spatially characterizing apparent electrical conductivity and water content of surface soils with time domain reflektometry. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 46 (2005) 239–261.
Google Scholar
Sobczuk H. Sonda do pomiaru wilgotności ośrodków porowatych, zwłaszcza materiałów budowlanych, patent nr 198492 B1 z dnia 30.06.2008.
Google Scholar
Suchorab Z., Zarzeka-Raczkowska E. Time domain reflectometry probes for measurement of moisture in building materials. Energy-saving and ecological materials, installations and technology in construction Ed. By Fic S. (2012) 76-91.
Google Scholar
Suchorab Z., Sobczuk H., Cerny R., Pavlik Z., Plagge R. Noninvasive moisture measurement of building materials using TDR method. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA 2009) Helsinki: Helsinki University of Technology, Finland (2009) 147-155.
Google Scholar
Sobczuk H., Suchorab Z. Calibration of TDR instruments for moisture measurement of serated concrete. w: Skierucha, W. and Walczak, T. (eds.) Monitoring and modelling the properties of soil as porous medium. Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin (2005) 156–165.
Google Scholar
Suchorab Z., Deneka B., Łagód G., Sobczuk H. Możliwość pomiaru zasolenia w materiałach budowlanych za pomocą metody TDR, Society of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering, Proceedings of EcOpole 3(1) (2009) 199-205.
Google Scholar
Pavlík Z., Mihulka J., Pavlíková M. Effect of salt concentration on the applicability of TDR method for moisture content measurement. in Porous Materials. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA 2009). Helsinki: Helsinki University of Technology, Finland (2009) 372-376.
Google Scholar
Authors
Zbigniew SuchorabDepartment of Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment; Faculty of Environment Engineering; Lublin University of Technology Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-864X
Authors
Stanisław FicDepartment of Construction; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3182-9060
Authors
Danuta Barnat-HunekDepartment of General Construction of Buildings; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-3299
Statistics
Abstract views: 206PDF downloads: 114
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Budownictwo i Architektura supports the open science program. The journal enables Open Access to their publications. Everyone can view, download and forward articles, provided that the terms of the license are respected.
Publishing of articles is possible after submitting a signed statement on the transfer of a license to the Journal.
