Moisture measurements of the chalk rock walls from Kazimierz Dolny with the application of TDR method
Zbigniew Suchorab
Faculty of Environmental Engineering; Institute of Environmental Protection Engineering; Lublin University of Technology (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-864X
Danuta Barnat-Hunek
Department of General Construction of Buildings; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-3299
Henryk Sobczuk
Faculty of Environmental Engineering; Institute of Environmental Protection Engineering; Lublin University of Technology (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-5986
Abstract
The article presents monitoring measurements of the physical parameters and mineralogical-petrographical composition analysis of the chalk rock from the Kazimierz Dolny region. The experiments involve the reflectometric techniques TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) as a perspective alternative in moisture determinations. The investigation domain was the stone from the Castle of Janowiec by the Vistula river, which walls indicate the progressive corrosion depending on external exposition and age. Other object of investigations was the stone from quarry in Kazimierz Dolny. Porosimetric examinations of the chalk rock from the southern and northern elevation of the castle indicate differences in structure changes of the stones. These differences influence different behaviour of the chalk rock during capillary rise of water and salt solutions. It is connected with the suitable matching of the conservation protection, wall protecting preparations which kind and application depend on porosimetric parameters of the material. The TDR method is applied as a good alternative of water transport measurement in porous building materials and other water parameters characterisig described material.
Keywords:
chalk rock, walls destruction, moisture, reflectometric measurement, TDRReferences
Adamowski J., Powłoki i wyprawy elewacyjne na obiektach zabytkowych, Wybrane problemy projektowo – technologiczne. Maszynopis.
Google Scholar
Barnat – Hunek D., Franus W., Stan zachowania murów zabytkowego Spichlerza Ulanowskich w Kazimierzu Dolnym nad Wisłą, Konf. Naukowa: Postęp i nowoczesność w konserwacji zabytków. Problemy, perspektywy. Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin, 2005. 49-53.
Google Scholar
Domasłowki W., Profilaktyczna konserwacja kamiennych obiektów zabytkowych, UMK skrypty i teksty pomocnicze. Toruń 1993.
Google Scholar
Franus W., Barnat – Hunek D., Przyczyny niszczenia zabytkowych budynków z opoki wapnistej w Kazimierzu Dolnym, Świat Kamienia, Vol. 35 (2005), pp. 32-34.
Google Scholar
Garecki M., Znaczenie diagnostyki w robotach izolacyjno – renowacyjnych budynków poddanych działaniu wilgoci, Renowacje i Zabytki, Vol. 4 (2005), pp. 127-137.
Google Scholar
Klemm P., praca zbiorowa., 2005: Budownictwo ogólne. Tom 2. Fizyka budowli, Arkady. Warszawa 2005.
Google Scholar
Malicki M.A., Plagge R., Roth. C.H., Reduction of soil matrix effect on TDR dielectric moisture determination by accounting for bulk density or porosity, European J. of Soil Science, vol. 47(3), 1996, pp. 357-366.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01409.x
Google Scholar
Rydz Z., Turowski R., Hydrofobizacja strukturalna mas tynkarskich i zapraw budowlanych za pomocą Hydrolitu, Materiały Budowlane, Vol. 3 (1989), pp. 14-15.
Google Scholar
Skibiński S., Udział soli rozpuszczalnych w wodzie w procesach niszczenia kamiennych obiektów zabytkowych oraz konserwatorskie sposoby ograniczania ich działania, Ochrona Zabytków, Vol. 3-4 (1985), pp. 244-257.
Google Scholar
Skierucha W., Wpływ temperatury na pomiar wilgotności gleby metodą reflektometryczną, Rozprawy i Monografie Instytutu Agrofizyki im. Bohdana Dobczańskiego PAN w Lublinie, Lublin 2005(5)
Google Scholar
Skierucha W., Malicki M.A., TDR Method for the Measurement of Water Content and Salinity of Porous Media, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin 2004
Google Scholar
Sobczuk H., Plagge R., Time Domain Reflectometry Method in Environmental Measurements, Monografie Komitetu Inżynierii Środowiska PAN, Vol. 39, Lublin 2007
Google Scholar
Sobczuk H., Suchorab Z., Calibration of TDR instruments for moisture measurement of aerated concrete, Monitoring And Modelling the properties of soil as porous medium, Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin 2005, pp. 158-165
Google Scholar
Topp G.C., Davis J.L., Annan A.P., Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: Measurements in coaxial transmission lines, Water Resources Research, vol. 16, 1980, pp. 574-582.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/WR016i003p00574
Google Scholar
Authors
Zbigniew SuchorabFaculty of Environmental Engineering; Institute of Environmental Protection Engineering; Lublin University of Technology Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-864X
Authors
Danuta Barnat-HunekDepartment of General Construction of Buildings; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-3299
Authors
Henryk SobczukFaculty of Environmental Engineering; Institute of Environmental Protection Engineering; Lublin University of Technology Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-5986
Statistics
Abstract views: 160PDF downloads: 157
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Budownictwo i Architektura supports the open science program. The journal enables Open Access to their publications. Everyone can view, download and forward articles, provided that the terms of the license are respected.
Publishing of articles is possible after submitting a signed statement on the transfer of a license to the Journal.
