Thermal stress comfort in a contemporary housing district in a moderate climate zone, Lublin as a case study

Małgorzata Kozak

m.kozak@pollub.pl
Department of Contemporary Architecture; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology; (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4125-0148

Karol Krupa


Department of ContemporaryArchitecture; Department of Contemporary Architecture; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology; (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7313-4080

Damian Hołownia


Department of Contemporary Architecture; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology; (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5935-3017

Abstract

Urban climate and its impact on the thermal comfort of residents are significant aspects in urban planning and the design of housing estates. The aim of this article is to investigate the temperature perception among residents in a contemporary residential area in Lublin during the hottest day, utilising an advanced computer simulation tool – the ENVI-met programme. A modern, densely built housing estate with no significant greenery was selected as a case study. General meteorological and spatial data were used for calibrating the housing estate model within the software. The housing estate model within the programme was calibrated using publicly available meteorological and spatial data, and computer simulations were conducted for Lublin's hottest day on 22 July 2022. Based on these simulations, the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was calculated. The research results indicate that people experience moderate thermal stress in unshaded areas only at 4:00 pm, while in sunny locations, they experience strong to very strong heat stress throughout the day. This article underscores the importance of computer simulations in analysing the urban microclimate and provides insights into tools that can be used in urban planning and housing estate design processes, with the aim of creating more comfortable and environmentally friendly urban environments.


Keywords:

climate change, housing estates, UTCI, ENVI-met

Leon D. A., “Cities, urbanization and health”, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 37, no. 1, (Feb. 2008), pp. 4–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym271
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym271   Google Scholar

Arsad F. S. et al., “The Impact of Heatwaves on Mortality and Morbidity and the Associated Vulnerability Factors: A Systematic Review”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 23, (Dec. 2022), p. 16356. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316356
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316356   Google Scholar

“Cele Zrównoważonego Rozwoju”, Available: https://www.un.org.pl/ [Accessed: 18 June 2023]
  Google Scholar

“Robyg – ESG”, Raport ESG Robyg za 2022 rok, Available: https://esg.robyg.pl/#raport-esg [Accessed: 10 June 2023]
  Google Scholar

Teshnehdel S. et al., “Effect of tree cover and tree species on microclimate and pedestrian comfort in a residential district in Iran”, Building and Environment, vol. 178, (Jul. 2020), p. 106899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106899
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106899   Google Scholar

Błażejczyk K. and Błażejczyk A., “Zmiana klimatu i ich wpływ na budownictwo i komfort życia mieszkańców miast, przykład Warszawy”, Przegląd Geofizyczny, vol. Z. 1-2, (2023). https://doi.org/10.32045/PG-2023-036
  Google Scholar

Noelke C. et al., “Increasing ambient temperature reduces emotional well-being”, Environmental Research, vol. 151, (Nov. 2016), pp. 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.045
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.045   Google Scholar

Mijorski S. et al., “A hybrid approach for the assessment of outdoor thermal comfort”, Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 22, (Mar. 2019), pp. 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.12.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.12.003   Google Scholar

Ebi K. L. et al., “Extreme Weather and Climate Change: Population Health and Health System Implications”, Annual review of public health, vol. 42, (Apr. 2021), pp. 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105026   Google Scholar

Rocque R. J. et al., “Health effects of climate change: an overview of systematic reviews”, BMJ Open, vol. 11, no. 6, (Jun. 2021), p. e046333. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046333
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046333   Google Scholar

Hajat S. et al., “Climate change effects on human health: projections of temperature-related mortality for the UK during the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s”, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 68, no. 7, (Jul. 2014), pp. 641–648. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-202449
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-202449   Google Scholar

Ziska L. H. et al., “Cities as harbingers of climate change: Common ragweed, urbanization, and public health”, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 111, no. 2, (Feb. 2003), pp. 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.53
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.53   Google Scholar

Oke T. R., Boundary Layer Climates. London New York, 1987.
  Google Scholar

Bochenek A. and Klemm K., “Wyznaczanie korytarzy przewietrzających przy użyciu metody morfometrycznej dla wybranego fragmentu miasta Łodzi”, Budownictwo i Architektura, vol. Vol. 15, no. nr 4, (2016).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24358/Bud-Arch_16_154_14   Google Scholar

Kim H. H., “Urban heat island”, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 13, no. 12, (Aug. 1992), pp. 2319–2336. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169208904271
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169208904271   Google Scholar

Singh P. et al., “Impact of land use change and urbanization on urban heat island in Lucknow city, Central India. A remote sensing based estimate”, Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 32, (Jul. 2017), pp. 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.018   Google Scholar

Havenith G., “Temperature Regulation, Heat Balance and Climatic Stress”, in Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses, Kirch W. et al. Eds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005, pp. 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28862-7_7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28862-7_7   Google Scholar

Havenith G., “Individualized model of human thermoregulation for the simulation of heat stress response”, Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), vol. 90, no. 5, (May 2001), pp. 1943–1954. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.5.1943
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.5.1943   Google Scholar

Jendritzky G. et al., “UTCI—Why another thermal index?”, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol. 56, no. 3, (May 2012), pp. 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0513-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0513-7   Google Scholar

Rupp R. F. et al., “A review of human thermal comfort in the built environment”, Energy and Buildings, vol. 105, (Oct. 2015), pp. 178–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.07.047
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.07.047   Google Scholar

Kenny G. P. et al., “Heat stress in older individuals and patients with common chronic diseases”, CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 182, no. 10, (Jul. 2010), pp. 1053–1060. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.081050
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.081050   Google Scholar

Blazejczyk K. et al., “Comparison of UTCI to selected thermal indices”, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol. 56, no. 3, (May 2012), pp. 515–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0453-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0453-2   Google Scholar

Jendritzky G. et al., “Towards a Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI for assessing the thermal environment of the human being”. Final Report COST Action 730, 2009.
  Google Scholar

Di Napoli C. et al., “Assessing heat-related health risk in Europe via the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)”, International Journal of Biometeorology, vol. 62, no. 7, (Jul. 2018), pp. 1155–1165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-1518-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-1518-2   Google Scholar

“BIOMETEO IMGW-PIB | Serwis biometeorologiczny”, Available: https://biometeo.imgw.pl/
  Google Scholar

?page=UTCI [Accessed: 29 December 2023]
  Google Scholar

Krzyżewska A. et al., “Warunki meteorologiczne w Lublinie podczas wyjątkowo uciążliwej fali upałów z sierpnia 2015 r.”, Przegląd Geofizyczny, vol. Z. 3-4, (2016).
  Google Scholar

Bröde P. and Kampmann B., “Temperature-Humidity-Dependent Wind Effects on Physiological Heat Strain of Moderately Exercising Individuals Reproduced by the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)”, Biology, vol. 12, no. 6, (May 2023), p. 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12060802
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12060802   Google Scholar

Novák M., “Use of the UTCI in the Czech Republic”, Geographia Polonica, vol. 86, (Jan. 2013), pp. 21–28. https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.2013.3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.2013.3   Google Scholar

Gnatowska R., “Selection of criteria in pedestrian wind comfort assessment”, Budownictwo i Architektura, vol. 8, no. 1, (Jun. 2011), pp. 005–013. https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2254
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2254   Google Scholar

Klemm K., “Human comfort criteria in urban environment”, Budownictwo i Architektura, vol. 12, no. 2, (Jun. 2013), pp. 127–133. https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2111
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2111   Google Scholar

Szer I. et al., “Using meteorological data to estimate heat stress of construction workers on scaffolds for improved safety standards”, Automation in Construction, vol. 134, (Feb. 2022), p. 104079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.104079
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.104079   Google Scholar

Bochenek A. D. et al., “Assessment of effectiveness of selected adaptation actions to climate change. The example of the New Centre of Lodz.”, Budownictwo i Architektura, vol. 21, no. 4, (Dec. 2022), pp. 025–042. https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.3150
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.3150   Google Scholar

Bochenek A. and Klemm K., “Ocena możliwości zastosowania danych pogodowych w symulacjach parametrów meteorologicznych”, Fizyka Budowli w Teorii i Praktyce, vol. T. 10, nr 1, (2018).
  Google Scholar

Przesmycka N. et al., “The Thermal Comfort Problem in Public Space during the Climate Change Era Based on the Case Study of Selected Area in Lublin City in Poland”, Energies, vol. 15, no. 18, (Jan. 2022), p. 6504. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186504
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186504   Google Scholar

Sachindra D. A. et al., “Temperature and urban heat island effect in Lublin city in Poland under changing climate”, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol. 151, no. 1, (Jan. 2023), pp. 667–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-04285-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-04285-0   Google Scholar

“Potential of green infrastructure to mitigate urban heat island effect under changing climate: a case study of Lublin city in Poland”, UMCS. Available: https://projektybadawcze.umcs.pl/miedzynarodowe/inspiracje/potential-of-green-infrastructure-to-mitigate-urban-heat-island-effect-under-changing-climate-a-case-study-of-lublin-city-in-poland/
  Google Scholar

GUS, “Informacja o wynikach Narodowego Spisu Powszechnego Ludności i Mieszkań 2021 na poziomie województw, powiatów i gmin”, stat.gov.pl. Available: https://stat.gov.pl/spisy-powszechne/nsp-2021/nsp-2021-wyniki-ostateczne/informacja-o-wynikach-narodowego-spisu-powszechnego-ludnosci-i-mieszkan-2021-na-poziomie-wojewodztw-powiatow-i-gmin,1,1.html [Accessed: 06 September 2023]
  Google Scholar

“Lublin”, in Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia, [Accessed: 06 September 2023]
  Google Scholar

GUS, “Budownictwo mieszkaniowe w województwie lubelskim w 2022 roku”, lublin.stat.gov.pl. Available: https://lublin.stat.gov.pl/opracowania-biezace/opracowania-sygnalne/przemysl-budownictwo/budownictwo-mieszkaniowe-w-wojewodztwie-lubelskim-w-2022-roku,4,16.html [Accessed: 06 September 2023]
  Google Scholar

Lublin U. M., “Dane demograficzne - stan na dzień 30.04.2021 r.”, bip.lublin.eu. Available: https://bip.lublin.eu/urzad-miasta-lublin/dane-demograficzne/dane-demograficzne-stan-na-dzien-30-04-2021-r-,91,22886,2.html [Accessed: 03 September 2023]
  Google Scholar

“Geoportal Lublin”, Available: https://geoportal.lublin.eu/2d/ [Accessed: 03 September 2023]
  Google Scholar

Kuśmierz A. et. al., “Plan adaptacji do zmian klimatu Miasta Lublin do roku 2030”. Lublin, Warszawa, 2018.
  Google Scholar

“ENVI-met high-resolution 3D modeling for Climate Adaption”, Available: https://www.envi-met.com/ [Accessed: 16 August 2023]
  Google Scholar

“Model turbulencji [holistyczny model mikroklimatu]”, Available: https://envi-met.info/doku.php?id=kb:turbulence [Accessed: 14 December 2023]
  Google Scholar

“Historyczne dane pomiarowe”, Dane meteorologiczne. Available: https://meteomodel.pl/dane/historyczne-dane-pomiarowe/
  Google Scholar

Błażejczyk K. et al., “UTCI - nowy wskaźnik oceny obciążeń cieplnych człowieka = UTCI - new index for assessment of heat stress in man”, Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 82, no. 1, (2010), pp. 49–71.
  Google Scholar

Eingrüber N. et al., “Investigation of the ENVI-met model sensitivity to different wind direction forcing data in a heterogeneous urban environment”, in Advances in Science and Research, 2023, vol. 20, pp. 65–71. https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-65-2023.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-65-2023   Google Scholar

Download


Published
2024-01-29

Cited by

Kozak, M., Krupa, K. and Hołownia, D. (2024) “Thermal stress comfort in a contemporary housing district in a moderate climate zone, Lublin as a case study”, Budownictwo i Architektura, 22(4), pp. 097–111. doi: 10.35784/bud-arch.5542.

Authors

Małgorzata Kozak 
m.kozak@pollub.pl
Department of Contemporary Architecture; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology; Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4125-0148

Authors

Karol Krupa 

Department of ContemporaryArchitecture; Department of Contemporary Architecture; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology; Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7313-4080

Authors

Damian Hołownia 

Department of Contemporary Architecture; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Lublin University of Technology; Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5935-3017

Statistics

Abstract views: 104
PDF downloads: 115


License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Budownictwo i Architektura supports the open science program. The journal enables Open Access to their publications. Everyone can view, download and forward articles, provided that the terms of the license are respected.

Publishing of articles is possible after submitting a signed statement on the transfer of a license to the Journal.