Analysis of LEAPET: a new energy-aware routing protocol for Internet of Things-based Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

Routing protocol is required for wireless sensor network (WSN) to transmit data to a base station. Because of the resource constraint internet of thing (IoT) sensors, it is vital to have an energy efficient routing protocol for the IoT-based Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT-HWSN). This study developed a new energy-efficient routing protocol for HWSN. The routing protocol combines the functionalities LEACH, PEGASIS, and Adaptive Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to improve energy efficiency and data transmission. In this study, 100 heterogeneous sensor nodes with an initial energy of 0.5 J were modelled and simulated in a 100 m by 100 m square area. The performance of the developed routing protocol was compared to other existing routing protocol like LEACH, A-LEACH, PEGASIS, MC-PEGASIS, EERP and A&F. The results obtained show that the LEAPET routing protocol has the superior performance while MC-PEGASIS has the second best performance. In comparison to this, LEAPET achieves an improvement in a network lifetime of more than 14.3% over MC-PEGASIS. In terms of the packet delivery ratio, the LEAPET achieved up to 98.8% and 95.6% of packet delivery ratio with 10 and 100 nodes respectively. Furthermore, the proposed routing protocol (LEAPET) yields a good result with relatively minimum delay when compared with existing routing protocols