Statistical analysis of the results of real dice rolls using the object detection model in the context of the Central Limit Theorem
Article Sidebar
Issue Vol. 39 (2026)
-
Comparative analysis of user interface quality of mobile operator applications
Darya Benedziktovich, Oleksii Davydok102-107
-
Comparative analysis of non-relational databases on the example of Amazon DynamoDB and MongoDB
Michał Sagan, Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik108-114
-
Generative adversarial networks in sound synthesis: analysis of sound modeling capabilities using GANs.
Michał Galant, Paweł Powroźnik115-122
-
Analysis of LEAPET: a new energy-aware routing protocol for Internet of Things-based Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network
Kazeem B. Adedeji123-131
-
Comparative analysis of query optimization techniques in modern relational database systems
Volodymyr Solohub, Volodymyr Pashkevych132-137
-
Statistical analysis of the results of real dice rolls using the object detection model in the context of the Central Limit Theorem
Kacper Gębusia, Edyta Łukasik138-145
-
Analysis of usability and accessibility of Polish web services for English language testing
Michał Billewicz, Natalia Bogusz, Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska146-153
-
Comparative analysis of reactive programming and Java virtual threads
Daniel Charlak, Jakub Brzeziński, Grzegorz Kozieł154-160
-
Comparative analysis of the security of instant messaging apps
Natalia Pioterczak, Maksymilian Potocki, Piotr Kopniak161-166
-
Comparative analysis of chosen programming languages
Jakub Machnowski, Marta Dziuba-Koziel167-175
-
Comparative performance analysis of Express.js and Spring Boot in CRUD-oriented web applications
Wojciech Wnuk, Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik176-182
-
Comparative performance analysis of Spring Boot and Ktor for a ticket reservation REST API on the JVM
Miłosz Serej, Kamil Kopciński, Jakub Smołka183-187
Main Article Content
Authors
Abstract
The study conducted an analysis of the convergence of the distribution of sums of real dice-roll results toward the normal distribution in the context of the Central Limit Theorem. The data were obtained from video recordings, and the roll results were identified using the YOLOv8 object detection model. The influence of the original distribution and detection errors on the rate of convergence was examined. A dedicated fitting metric, Sn,k, based on the least squares method, was employed. The results confirmed convergence to the normal distribution even for small number of samples, achieving a repeatable and stable level of the Sn,k metric. The study also demonstrated the robustness of the process to minor data perturbations.
Keywords:
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
- 9 - Industry, Innovation, Technology and Infrastructure
References
[1] X. Zhang, O. L. O. Astivia, E. Kroc, B. D. Zumbo, How to think clearly about the Central Limit Theorem, Psychological Methods 28 (2023) 1427–1445, https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000448
[2] Q. Cheng, Z. Yang, X. Lu, The Application of Central Limit Theorem, Insight - Physics 5 (2022) 143, https://doi.org/10.18282/ip.v1i1.143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18282/ip.v1i1.143
[3] D. Draper, E. Guo, The practical scope of the central limit theorem, arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.12267 (2021), https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.12267.
[4] S. A. Nolan, T. E. Heinzen, Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Macmillan, New York, 2014.
[5] W. J. Adams, The Life and Times of the Central Limit Theorem, History of Mathematics, American Mathematical Society, Providence, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/hmath/035
[6] M. J. Glencross, A practical approach to the Central Limit Theorem, In: R. Davidson, J. Swift, (eds) Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Teaching Statistics, International Association for Statistical Education (1986) 91-95.
[7] J. Gong, Galton Board Experiment: Proof of Central Limit Theorem, Science and Technology of Engineering, Chemistry and Environmental Protection 1(3) (2025), https://doi.org/10.61173/j4y96z15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61173/j4y96z15
[8] Mathigon, Probability (Rolling Dice Simulation), https://mathigon.org/step/probability/dice-simulation, [26.11.2025].
[9] L. V. Dung, T. C. Son, On the rate of convergence in the central limit theorem for arrays of random vectors, Statistics & Probability Letters 158 (2020) 108671, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2019.108671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2019.108671
[10] I. S. Tyurin, Some optimal bounds in the Central Limit Theorem using zero biasing, Statistics & Probability Letters 82(3) (2012) 514–518, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2011.11.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2011.11.010
[11] L. G. Coelho, T. Franco, L. V. Lima, J. P. C. de Paula, J. V. A. Pimenta, G. L. F. Silva, D. Ungaretti, A Central Limit Theorem for Intransitive Dice, arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.17083 (2023), https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.17083.
[12] Y. Hosten, É. Janvresse, T. de la Rue, A central limit theorem for the variation of the sum of digits, Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré Probabilités et Statistiques 60(2) (2024) 1125–1149, https://doi.org/10.1214/22-AIHP1346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1214/22-AIHP1346
[13] V. Kasiulevičius, V. Šapoka, R. Filipavičiūtė, Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies, Gerontologija 7(4) (2006) 225–231.
[14] C. C. Heyde, Multidimensional Central Limit Theorems, In: N. Balakrishnan, T. Colton, B. Everitt, W. Piegorsch, F. Ruggeri, (eds) Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online (2014), https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat02951. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat02951
[15] A. Singh, A. F. Lucas, R. J. Dalpatadu, D. J. Murphy, Casino Games and the Central Limit Theorem, UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal 17(2) (2013) 45–61, https://doi.org/10.9741/2327-8455.1293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9741/2327-8455.1293
[16] M. A. Barri, A Simulation Showing the Role of Central Limit Theorem in Handling Non Normal Distributions, American Journal of Educational Research 7(8) (2019) 591–598, https://doi.org/10.12691/education-7-8-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12691/education-7-8-8
[17] B. Berckmoes, G. Molenberghs, Approximate central limit theorems, Journal of Theoretical Probability 31(3) (2018) 1590–1605, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10959-017-0744-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10959-017-0744-6
[18] E. Casas, L. Ramos, E. Bendek, F. Rivas Echeverria, YOLOv5 vs. YOLOv8: Performance Benchmarking in Wildfire and Smoke Detection Scenarios, Journal of Image and Graphics 12(2) (2024) 127–136, https://doi.org/10.18178/joig.12.2.127-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18178/joig.12.2.127-136
[19] F. Ciaglia, F. S. Zuppichini, P. Guerrie, M. McQuade, J. Solawetz, Roboflow 100: A Rich, Multi Domain Object Detection Benchmark, arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.13523 (2022), https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.13523.
Article Details
Abstract views: 35

