Comparing the Foreign Policy Identities of the United States of America and the European Union in Climate Communications and National Narratives

The aim of the study was to determine the specifics of the formation and transformation of the foreign policy positions of the United States of America (USA) and the European Union (EU) based on a comprehensive analysis of the climate communications and public diplomacy in the global context. Using the methods of discourse analysis, content analysis, and comparative analysis, the author studied materials for the period 2015-2023, including international agreements, national strategies, and policy documents. On this basis, the dominant narratives, rhetorical strategies, and value orientations that shaped the unique international positions of the United States as a technological leader and the EU as a normative force were identified. The study results revealed significant differences in strategic approaches: The US focused on technological innovations, competitive advantages, and economic opportunities, while the EU emphasised the values of multilateral cooperation, collective responsibility, and inclusive dialogue. It was found that the transformation of public narratives and communication strategies correlated with changes in political administrations in the US and institutional reforms in the EU, which was reflected in the change in rhetoric, priorities, and mechanisms for implementing climate policy. The study demonstrated a significant evolution of the approaches of both actors to the construction of international subjectivity and the establishment of global leadership through the prism of climate discourse. The key points of convergence and divergence of the foreign policy positions in the context of multilateral diplomacy and global governance were identified. The influence of climate discourse on the formation of the international image and geopolitical status of the studied actors, as well as its role in the realisation of the strategic interests in the international arena, was substantiated. Tendencies towards increased competition between the US and the EU for global leadership in climate policy and its impact on the transformation of the world order were identified.