Eksperymentalne badania w locie nad pęcherzami separacji laminarnej w warunkach napływu turbulencji atmosferycznej
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Numer Nr 3-4 (2025)
-
Samolot z okładki
Jarosław Pytka
-
Metodologia próby rozpędzania w locie poziomym do oceny osiągów śmigłowca
Irene Salmoiraghi, Andrea Castelli, Christopher Hyder, Lorenzo Trainelli
-
Próby w locie samolotu Aero L-39 Skyfox
Hynek Pokorny
-
Platforma treningowa L-39 Skyfox jako ekonomiczny system szkolenia pilotów samolotów odrzutowych
Hynek Pokorny
-
Rozmowa z Jaromirem Jangiem, głównym konstruktorem Zakładów Lotniczych Aero Vodochody
Jarosław Pytka
-
Wodnosamoloty Macchi w Pucharze Schneidera, część 2.
Jarosław Latalski
-
Zespół do stworzenia dokumentacji samolotu Lublin R-XIII
Jarosław Mądro
-
Kryteria wyboru silników napędowych do samolotów pasażerskich na przykładzie AIRBUS A330neo oraz A350
Kinga Joskowska, Piotr Bieńkowski
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Authors
Abstrakt
Artykuł dotyczy badań turbulencji atmosferycznych metodą prób w locie. Wykorzystano w nich aparaturę pomiarowo-badawczą zainstalowaną w szybowcu dwumiejscowym. Przeprowadzono serię lotów badawczych, podczas których rejestrowano sygnały pomiarowe z aneomoetru z gorącym drutem. Wyniki poddano analizie, a jej rezultaty posłużyły do wysnucia wniosków podsumowujących. Szybkośc dyssypacji energii turbulentnej ϵ wykazuje niewielki rozrzut w obrębie i pomiędzy poszczególnymi lotami oraz rozkład logarytmiczno-normalny. Stwierdzono ponadto, że istnieje możliwość przeniesienia zmierzonych warunków atmosferycznych do eksperymentu w tunelu aerodynamicznym.
Słowa kluczowe:
Bibliografia
[1] Althaus, D. (1984). Der Einfluss laminarer Ablöseblasen auf die Profilpolaren. Institute report, Institute of Aerodynamics and
Gasdynamics, University of Stuttgart, presented at the Symposium of Sailplane Development, Braunschweig.
[2] Batchelor, G. K. (1950). The application of the similarity theory of turbulence to atmospheric diffusion. Quarterly Journal of the
Royal Meteorological Society, 76(328), 133–146. doi:10.1002/qj.49707632804.
[3] Batchelor, G. K., Townsend, A. A. and Taylor, G. I. (1947). Decay of vorticity in isotropic turbulence. Proceedings of the Royal Society
of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 190(1023), 534–550. doi:10.1098/rspa.1947.0095.
[4] Baumann, M. (2013). Manual of the System Low-noise Miniature CTA System. Ingenieurbüro Dr. Baumann.
[5] Bendat, J. S., Piersol, A. G. (2000). Random Data. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 3rd ed.
[6] Bernardy, S. (2002). Investigation into the Effects of Turbulence in Thermals on Sailplane Airfoil Performance. Diploma Thesis, Delft
University of Technology and Fachhochschule Aachen.
[7] Bertolotti, F. P. (1997). Response of the Blasius boundary layer to free-stream vorticity. Physics of Fluids, 9(8). 2286–2299. doi:10.1063/1.869350.
[8] Bertolotti, F. P. (2001). Effect of atmospheric turbulence on a laminar boundary-layer. Technical Soaring, 25, 154–159, journals.sfu.ca/ts/index. php/ts/article/view/309.
[9] Bruun, H. H. (1995). Hot-Wire Anemometry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[10] Caughey, S. J. and Palmer, S. G. (1979). Some aspects of turbulence structure through the depth of the convective boundary layer. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 105(446), 811–827, doi:10.1002/qj.49710544606.
[11] Darbieu, C., Lohou, F., Lothon, M., Arellano, J. Vil`a-Guerau de, Couvreux, F., Durand, P., Pino, D., Patton, E. G., Nilsson, E., Blay-Carreras, E. and Gioli, B. (2015). Turbulence vertical structure of the boundary layer during the afternoon transition. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(17), 10071–10086. doi:10.5194/acp-15-10071-2015.
[12] Deck, U. and Würz, W. (2023). In-flight measurements on the influence of freestream turbulence on a NLF airfoil. AIAA Aviation 2023
Forum, 2023–3675. doi:10.2514/6.2023-3675.
[13] Djenidi, L. and Antonia, R. A. (2012). A spectral chart method for estimating the mean turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate. Experiments in Fluids, 53, 1005–1013. doi:10.1007/s00348-012-1337-x.
[14] Ewald, B., Durst, F., Krause, E. and Nitsche, W. (1993). In-flight measuring techniques for laminar flow wing development. Zeitschrift für Flugwissenschaft und Weltraumforschung, 17, 294–310.
[15] Fisher, D., Horstmann, K. H. and Riedel, H. (2003). Flight Test Measurement Techniques for Laminar Flow. RTO AGARDograph. Flight
Test Techniques Series, 300, 23 / SCI-040, RTO/NATO, Neuilly-sur-Seine Cedex, www.sto.nato.int/publications/ STOTechnicalReports/
RTO-AG-300-V23/AG-300-V23-$$ALL.pdf.
[16] Freymuth, P. and Fingerson, L. M. (1997). Hot-wire anemometry at very high frequencies: effect of electronic noise. Measurement
Science and Technology, 8(2), 115. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/8/2/001.
[17] Greiner, M. and Würz, W. (2022). In-flight measurement of freestream turbulence in the convective boundary layer. Experiments in
Fluids, 63(162), 1–20. doi:10.1007/s00348-022-03506-6.
[18] Greiner, M. (2024). Experiments on laminar separation bubbles under inflow conditions of atmospheric turbulence. PhD Thesis. Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics, University of Stuttgart.
[19] Guissart, A., Romblad, J., Nemitz, T. and Tropea, C. (2021). Smallscale atmospheric turbulence and its impact on laminar-to-turbulent
transition. AIAA Journal, 59(9), 3611–3621, doi:10.2514/1.J060068.
[20] Hultmark, M. and Smits, A. J. (2010). Temperature corrections for constant temperature and constant current hot-wire
anemometers. Measurement Science and Technology, 21(10). doi:10.1088/0957-0233/21/10/105404.
[21] Kaimal, J. C. and Finnigan, J. J. (1994). Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows: Their Structure and Measurement. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780195062397.001.0001.
[22] Kannuluik, W. G. and Carman, E. H. (1951). The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of air. Australian Journal of Scientific Research. Series A: Physical Sciences, 4, 305–314. doi:10.1071/CH9510305.
[23] Kolmogorov, A. N. (1941). The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers. Cr. Acad. Sci. URSS 30: 301–305, translated in (1991) Proceedings of the Royal Society London A 434: 9–13, doi:10.1098/rspa.1991.0075.
[24] Kolmogorov, A. N. (1962). A refinement of previous hypotheses concerning the local structure of turbulence in a viscous incompressible fluid at high Reynolds number. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 13(1), 82–85. doi:10.1017/S0022112062000518.
[25] Körner, H. (1990). Natural laminar flow research for subsonic transport aircraft in the FRG. Zeitschrift für Flugwissenschaft und
Weltraumforschung, 14, 223–233.
[26] Körner, H. and Redeker, G. (1994). The role of flight tests and wind tunnels in laminar flow research. ICAS Proceedings, 19th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, 1, 46–56. icas.org/ICAS ARCHIVE/ICAS1994/ICAS-94-3.1.1.pdf.
[27] Kraichnan, R. H. (1974). On Kolmogorov’s inertial-range theories. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 62(2): 305–330. doi:10.1017/S002211207400070X.
[28] Lutz, A. (2010). Ground Vibration Test and Flutter Analysis of Sailplane ARCUS T. Technical Report 09-27287-01, Schempp-Hirth
Segelflugzeugbau GmbH, unpublished.
[29] MacCready, P. B., Jr. (1962). Turbulence measurements by sailplane. Journal of Geophysical Research, 67(3), 1041–1050. doi:10.1029/JZ067i003p01041.
[30] MacCready, P. B., Jr., Lockhart, T. J., Diamond, R. J. and Smith, T. B. (1956). Atmospheric Turbulence Investigation by Sailplane. Final
Report AFCRC-TR-56-279, Meteorology Research, Inc, Pasadena CA.
[31] Maughmer, M. D., Coder, J. G., Wannenmacher, C. and Würz, W. (2017). The design of a new racing sailplanes: A new thermal mix model and the role of transitional CFD. 17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. AIAA, 2017–4091. doi:10.2514/6.2017-4091.
[32] Miley, S. J. and Horstmann, K. H. (1991). Data Report of Flight and Wind Tunnel Investigations of Tollmien-Schlichting Waves on an Aircraft Wing, Part I. Report IB 129–91/18, Institute for Design Aerodynamics, DLR, Braunschweig.
[33] Oboukhov, A. M. (1962). Some specific features of atmospheric turbulence. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 13(1), 77–81. doi:10.1017/S0022112062000506.
[34] de Paula, I. B., Würz, W., Krämer, E., Borodulin, V. I. and Kachanov, Y. S. (2013). Weakly nonlinear stages of boundary-layer transition initiated by modulated Tollmien-Schlichting waves. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 732, 571–615. doi:10.1017/jfm.2013.420.
[35] Peltzer, I. (2004). Flug-und Windkanalexperimente zur räumlichen Entwicklung von Tollmien-Schlichting-Instabilitäten in einer
Flügelgrenzschicht. PhD thesis, Technische Universität Berlin, Menschund-Buch-Verlag, Berlin.
[36] Pope, S. B. (2000). Turbulent Flows. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
[37] Reeh, A. D. (2014). Natural laminar flow airfoil behaviour in cruise flight through atmospheric turbulence. PhD thesis, Technical University of Darmstadt. 10.26083/tuprints-00004123
[38] Richardson, L. F. (1922). Weather Prediction by Numerical Process. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/
CBO9780511618291 (doi of 2nd ed. 2007).
[39] Riedel, H. and Sitzmann, M. (1998). In-flight investigations of atmospheric turbulence. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2(5), 301–319. doi:10.1016/S1270-9638(98)80007-2.
[40] Romano, G., Ouellette, N., Xu, H., Bodenschatz, E., Steinberg, V., Meneveau, C. and Katz, J. (2007). Measurements of turbulent flows.
In Tropea, C., Yarin, A. L. and Foss, J. F. (eds), Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 745–855.
doi:10.1007/978-3-540- 30299-5.
[41] Romblad, J., Greiner, M., Guissart, A. and Würz, W. (2022). Characterisation of low levels of turbulence generated by grids in the settling chamber of a laminar wind tunnel. Experiments in Fluids, 63(65). doi:10.1007/s00348-022-03418-5.
[42] Seitz, A. (2007). Freiflug-Experimente zum Übergang laminar-turbulent in einer Tragflügelgrenzschicht. PhD thesis, Technische Universität Braunschweig.
[43] Sengupta, A. and Tucker, P. (2020). Effects of forced frequency oscillations and unsteady wakes on the separation-induced transition in pressure gradient dominated flows. Physics of Fluids, 32: 094113, doi:10.1063/5.0023679.
[44] Sharman, R. and Lane, T. (eds) (2016). Aviation Turbulence. Processes, Detection, Prediction. Cham: Springer, 1st ed., doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23630-8.
[45] Sheih, C. M., Tennekes, H. and Lumley, J. L. (1971). Airborne hot-wire measurements of the small-scale structure of atmospheric turbulence. Physics of Fluids, 14, 201–215. doi:10.1063/1.1693416.
[46] Taylor, G. I. (1938). Production and dissipation of vorticity in a turbulent fluid. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 164(916), 15–23. doi:10.1098/rspa.1938.0002.
[47] Tennekes, H. (1968). Simple model for the small-scale structure of turbulence. Physics of Fluids, 11, 669–671. doi:10.1063/1.1691966.
[48] Wagner, R. D., Maddalon, D. V., Bartlett, D. W. and Collier, F. S. (1988). Fifty years of laminar flow flight testing, Journal of aerospace, 97(1), SAE Transactions, 995–1019.
[49] Weismüller, M. (2011). A new approach to aerodynamic performance of aircraft under turbulent atmospheric conditions. PhD thesis, Technical University of Darmstadt. 10.26083/tuprints-00002934.
[50] Wyngaard, J. C. (2010). Turbulence in the atmosphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511840524.
[51] Zhu, Y., Antonia, R. A. (1996). The spatial resolution of hot-wire arrays for the measurement of small-scale turbulence. Measurement Science and Technology, 7(10), 1349–1359. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/7/10/006.
[52] Oolman, L. (2021). Wyoming weather web. University of Wyoming. weather. uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html. (portal pogodowy,
dostęp: 01.08.2021).
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Abstract views: 2

