Antibiotics in the Environment as one of the Barriers to Sustainable Development

W pracy przeanalizowano obecność antybiotyków w ściekach surowych (szpitalnych, z produkcji leków, komunalnych), oczyszczonych, wodach powierzchniowych i wodzie pitnej na świecie. Stężenia antybiotyków analizowane w ściekach z produkcji leków dochodziły do 900 µ/dm³, w ściekach szpitalnych do 124 µ/dm³ i komunalnych do 64 µ/dm³. Stężenia antybiotyków w ściekach oczyszczonych dochodziły do 260 ng/dm³. Przedstawiono również obecność antybiotyków w wodach powierzchniowych. Najczęściej identyfikowanymi lekami były: ciprofloxacin, erytromycyna, norfloxacin, sulfamethoxazole i trimethoprim. Maksymalne stężenia antybiotyków w wodach powierzchniowych dochodzą nawet do 2 µg/dm³. W większości przypadkach identyfikowane antybiotyki występowały w ilości od kilku do kilkudziesięciu ng/dm³, rzadziej w ilości kilkuset ng/dm³. Obecność antybiotyków w wodzie pitnej jest identyfikowana, podobnie jak w przypadku ścieków na całym świecie np. w Chinach, USA, Niemczech, Kanadzie, Francji. Odnotowano bardzo wysokie stężenia antybiotyków Chinach w Guangzhou dochodzące do 679,7 ng/dm³(ciprofloxacin), ale również w USA (triclosan – 734 ng/dm³). W większości przypadków antybiotyki w wodach są w znacznie niższych stężeniach. Konsekwencją zanieczyszczenia środowiska antybiotykami jest lekooporność wielu szczepów bakterii i w konsekwencji coroczna śmierć 25 000 osób w Unii Europejskiej i około 700000 na całej kuli ziemskiej. Nie do końca poznane są inne skutki obecności antybiotyków w środowisku. Przypisuje się temu zanieczyszczeniu właściwości rakotwórcze, teratogenne lub mutagenne.

Słowa kluczowe:

antybiotyki, zanieczyszczenie wody, lekooporność

Bibliografia

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Antybiotyki w środowisku jako jedna z barier dla zrównoważonego rozwoju. (2018). Problemy Ekorozwoju , 13(1), 197-207. https://ph.pollub.pl/index.php/preko/article/view/5052

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Numer Tom 13 Nr 1 (2018)

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