The model as a medium for expressing the third dimension in the work of a landscape architect

The model is one of the tools employed in the work of a landscape architect, enabling a three-dimensional representation of design assumptions. This article analyzes the role of the model as a means of expressing the third dimension, considering its application in design processes, educational contexts, and communication. Based on the conducted studies, it has been demonstrated that transforming flat 2D plans into a 3D spatial representation of a section of an urban residential area facilitates the intuitive understanding of the design by both professionals and laypersons. Particularly valuable is the ability to explore the model haptically, which intensifies the audience’s emotional engagement and enhances their spatial perception. The process of constructing the model requires landscape architects to perform a detailed analysis of the site and to make deliberate design decisions, representing an active form of learning and iterative refinement of solutions. In the context of landscape architecture education, the model enables the visualization and critical evaluation of spatial scenarios, surpassing traditional drawings and digital 3D models in terms of the capacity for physically testing design concepts. Despite its significant advantages, such as affordability and relatively low production costs, constructing a model presents challenges. These include the time-consuming nature of the process, difficulties in accurately representing scaled details, and logistical limitations. Furthermore, the static nature of the model precludes dynamic modifications to the design, and photographic documentation of models does not match the aesthetic quality of digital 3D visualizations. The research findings confirm that the model serves as an effective communication platform between the designer and stakeholders, facilitating an understanding of the spatial context and the integration of artistic vision, scientific analysis, and design practice. The conclusions emphasize the value of models as tools that support multidimensional spatial thinking, making them an indispensable element in the landscape architect’s toolkit.