Use of applications and rendering engines in architectural design – state-of-the-art
Andrzej Borkowski
andrzej.borkowski@pw.edu.plFaculty of Geodesy and Cartography;Warsaw University of Technology; (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7013-670X
Piotr Nowakowski
Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography;Warsaw University of Technology; (Poland)
Abstract
Computer methods in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, Construction) industry are constantly evolving, mainly towards BIM, and the design process itself within an investment project focuses mainly on documentation. Visualisation or animation are optional elements, mostly done for sales purposes. Photorealism and the quality of created visualisations influence the impressions of the recipient, and the emotions evoked can determine a purchase or investment. As a rule, designers pay great attention to the visualisations they create, but they are not always aware of the solutions available on the market in this respect. In recent decades, rendering engines based on so-called real-time rendering have developed rapidly. The aim of the study was to provide a deep review of existing 3D modelling and visualisation solutions in terms of their popularity, applicability and advantages and limitations. The focus is on applications working with BIM software, which is widely used in the AEC industry. The paper attempts to compare the applications, lists their advantages, disadvantages, benefits and limitations in their use. The conclusions, sometimes subjective, can be useful for the whole community of architects and engineers, related to space design. The results of the review indicate the increasing popularity of 'real-time' solutions, which are displacing 'offline' solutions.
Keywords:
building information modelling, BIM application, visualisation software, real-time rendering, AEC industryReferences
Shannon T., Unreal Engine 4 for Design Visualization: Developing Stunning Interactive Visualizations, Animations, and Renderings. Pearson Education, 2017.
Google Scholar
Riener R. and Harder M., Virtual Reality in Medicine. London: Springer, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4011-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4011-5_1
Google Scholar
Wu H., Virtual reality - improving the fidelity of architectural visualization. MSc Thesis, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 2006. Available: https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2346/12601/hao_wu_thesis.pdf [Accessed: 26 Jun 2022]
Google Scholar
Chen L., Architectural Visualization An Analysis from Human Visual Cognition Process. Melbourne: Monash University, 2004. Available: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.135.3081&rep=rep1&type=pdf [Accessed: 26 Jun 2022]
Google Scholar
Czmoch I. and Pękala A., “Traditional Design versus BIM Based Design”, in Procedia Engineering 91, 2014, pp. 210 – 215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.048
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.048
Google Scholar
Dzudzińska E., “Proposal of a workflow for data-driven design in combination with BIM technology for more efficient office space planning”, Budownictwo i Architektura, vol 21, no. 2, 2022, pp. 5-16. https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2905
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2905
Google Scholar
Gleń, P. and Krupa, K., “Comparative analysis of the inventory process using manual measurements and laser scanning”, Budownictwo i Architektura, vol. 8, no. 2, 2019, pp. 21-30. https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.552
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.552
Google Scholar
Wang J., Wang X., Shou W. and Xu B., “Integrating BIM and augmented reality for interactive architectural visualisation”, Construction Innovation, vol. 14, no. 4, 2014, pp. 453-476. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-03-2014-0019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-03-2014-0019
Google Scholar
Okun J.A. and Zwerman S., The VES Handbook of Visual Effects. 3rd ed., New York: Routledge, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351009409
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351009409
Google Scholar
Chaos Group, Architectural Visualization Technology Report. 2017, Available: https://www.pccpolska.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Wizualizacje-architektoniczne-raport-od-Chaos-Group.pdf [Accessed: 26 Jun 2022]
Google Scholar
NBS, 10th Annual BIM Report. Available: https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/national-bim-report-2020 [Accesed: 26 Jun 2022]
Google Scholar
Ma Y-P., “Extending 3D-GIS District Models and BIM-Based Building Models into Computer Gaming Environment for Better Workflow of Cultural Heritage Conservation”, Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 5: 2101, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052101
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052101
Google Scholar
Yan W., Culp C. and Graf R., “Integrating BIM and gaming for real-time interactive architectural visualization”, Automation in Construction, vol. 20, no. 4. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.11.013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.11.013
Google Scholar
Żakowska, L., "Wizualizacja, modelowanie i analizowanie przestrzeni transportu miejskiego w aspekcie estetycznym", Budownictwo i Architektura, vol. 13, no.1, 2014, pp. 203-211. https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1940
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1940
Google Scholar
Zima, K., "Integracja dokumentacji w procesie budowlanym z wykorzystaniem modelowania informacji o budynku", Budownictwo i Architektura, vol. 12, no.1, 2013, pp. 77-84. https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2176
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2176
Google Scholar
Heins E. and Akenine-Möller T., Ray Tracing Gems. High-Quality and Real-Time Rendering with DXR and Other APIs. Berkeley: Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 607. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4427-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4427-2
Google Scholar
Alsadoon E., Alkhawajah A. and Suhaim A.B., “Effects of a gamified learning environment on students’ achievement, motivations, and satisfaction”, Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 8, 2022, e10249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e1024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10249
Google Scholar
Abdulrahaman M.D. et al., “Multimedia tools in the teaching and learning processes: A systematic review”, Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 11, 2020, e05312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05312
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05312
Google Scholar
Authors
Andrzej Borkowskiandrzej.borkowski@pw.edu.pl
Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography;Warsaw University of Technology; Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7013-670X
Authors
Piotr NowakowskiFaculty of Geodesy and Cartography;Warsaw University of Technology; Poland
Statistics
Abstract views: 247PDF downloads: 85
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Budownictwo i Architektura supports the open science program. The journal enables Open Access to their publications. Everyone can view, download and forward articles, provided that the terms of the license are respected.
Publishing of articles is possible after submitting a signed statement on the transfer of a license to the Journal.