The Modelling vitality in the intermediate spaces of mid-rise residential complexes: a structural approach with a case study of Tehran

Seyedeh Ashraf Sadat; Mohammad Sadegh Taher Tolou Del; Bahram Saleh Sedghpour

doi:10.35784/bud-arch.8099

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Published: Dec 16, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.8099

Issue Vol. 24 No. 4 (2025)

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DOI

https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.8099

Authors

Seyedeh Ashraf Sadat

a.sadat@sru.ac.ir

Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Iran, Islamic Republic of

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-5281

Mohammad Sadegh Taher Tolou Del

msttd@sru.ac.ir

Department of Architecture and Urban Design Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, (SRTTU), P. O. Box: 16785-163, Tehran, Lavizan, Iran;, Iran, Islamic Republic of

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3330-6060

Bahram Saleh Sedghpour

sedghpour@sru.ac.ir

Department of Educational Sciences, School of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, (SRTTU), P. O. Box: 16785-163, Tehran, Lavizan, Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Abstract

This mixed-methods study, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, examines the structural model of vitality in mid-rise residential complexes in District 22 of Tehran, Iran. Data were collected from 250 residents using a structured questionnaire and selected via random cluster sampling. The adequacy of the sample was confirmed with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test (KMO = 0.879), and the instrument’s reliability was verified through Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.976). Structural equation modelling and path analysis were conducted using SPSS and AMOS software. The findings indicate that physical factors, as independent variables, significantly affect residents’ vitality through mobility-related factors, which serve as mediators. Among physical factors, form and integrity showed the most potent direct effects, whereas desirability and comfort were the most influential among mobility-related factors. Mobility was identified as the most critical element of overall vitality. Three primary relationships emerged from the analysis: (1) physical values influence vitality via mobility; (2) mobility values affect vitality through behavioural; and (3) vitality values are shaped by physical factors. Overall, vitality is a multidimensional concept shaped by the interplay of physical, mobility, and vitality elements, with mobility experiences mediating these interactions. The proposed model provides practical insights for enhancing the vibrancy and liveliness of communal spaces in urban residential environments.

Keywords:

Structural Model, Residents' Vitality, Public Spaces, Residential Complex, Mid-rise Complex

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Sadat, S. A., Taher Tolou Del, M. S. and Saleh Sedghpour, B. (2025) “The Modelling vitality in the intermediate spaces of mid-rise residential complexes: a structural approach with a case study of Tehran”, Budownictwo i Architektura / Civil and Architectural Engineering, 24(4). doi: 10.35784/bud-arch.8099.

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