Effects of crumb rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber additives on the properties of asphalt binder and the Marshall performance properties of asphalt mixtures

Diyar Khan

diyar.khan@polsl.pl
Doctoral School; Silesian University of Technology; (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-9012

Basit Ali


International Education School; Chang’an Universty; (China)

Peilong Li


Highway School; Chang’an University; (China)

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan


School of Civil Engineering; Universiti Sains Malaysia; (Malaysia)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-4158

Fazli Karim


Department of Civil Engineering; Sarhad University of Science and Technology; (Pakistan)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-8562

Noman Khan


Department of Civil Engineering; Sarhad University of Science and Technology; (Pakistan)
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3931-7119

Abstract

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of incorporating crumb rubber (CR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) additives, ranging from 0% to 5% by weight of bitumen, on the performance of a bituminous concrete mixture using the wet process. Laboratory experiments, including the Marshall test, were conducted to establish the optimum bitumen content (OBC) for the hot mix. The study focuses on determining the optimal proportions of CR and SBR to achieve maximum strength. The results show that increasing the proportions of both CR and SBR leads to significant improvements in strength, with the maximum stability recorded at 16.14 kN and a flow of 1.23 mm for a mix containing 5% CR and 4% SBR. The findings further suggest an inverse relationship between CR content and strength, while an increasing SBR content enhances strength. Consequently, the optimal proportions for incorporating CR and SBR additives are identified as 5% and 4%, respectively.


Keywords:

Crumb rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, fly ash, hot mix asphalt, Marshall properties

Etrma, End of life tyres. European Tyre and Rubber Manufactures Association, Brussels, Belgium, 2011.
  Google Scholar

Kashani A., Ngo T. D., Mendis P., Black J. R., Haji Mohammadi A., "A sustainable application of recycled tyre crumbs as insulator in lightweight cellular concrete", Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 149, (2017), pp. 925–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.154
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.154   Google Scholar

McDonald C. H., "Recollections of early asphalt-rubber history", in National Seminar on Asphalt-Rubber, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, USA, 1981.
  Google Scholar

Kaloush K. E., "Asphalt rubber: Performance tests and pavement design issues", Construction and Building Materials, vol. 67, (2014), pp. 258–264. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.020   Google Scholar

Khan D., Khan R., Khan T., Alam M., “Performance of hot mix asphalt using polymers modified bitumen and marble dust as a filler”, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), vol. 10, no. 3, (2023), pp. 385-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2022.12.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2022.12.002   Google Scholar

Ali B., Li P., Khan D. and Haq I. U., “Evaluation of the properties of hot mixed asphalt modified by plastic waste”, Quaid-E-Awam University Research Journal of Engineering, Science & Technology, vol. 19, no. 2, (2021), pp.106-114. https://doi.org/10.52584/QRJ.1902.16
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52584/QRJ.1902.16   Google Scholar

Zhang D., Xiaoming H., Yongli Z., Sulong Z., “Rubberized asphalt mixture design using a theoretical model”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 67, (2014) pp. 265–269. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.011.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.011   Google Scholar

Leandri P., Rocchio P., Losa M., “A SWOT analysis of innovative high sustainability pavement surfaces containing CR modifier”, Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 21, (2020), pp. S103–S122. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2020.1736132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2020.1736132   Google Scholar

Tai Nguyen H. T., Nhan Tran T., “Effects of CR content and curing time on the properties of asphalt concrete and stone mastic asphalt using dry process”, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, vol. 11, (2017), pp. 236–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.09.014
  Google Scholar

Sienkiewicz M., Borzędowska-Labuda K., Zalewski S., Janik H., “The effect of tyre rubber grinding method on the rubber-asphalt binder properties” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 154, (2017), pp. 144–154. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.170
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.170   Google Scholar

Ananda T. S., Pengaruh Gradasi dan Penggunaan Serbuk Ban Bekas Terhadap Kinerja Campuran Beton Aspal Lapis Aus (AC-WC). Master's thesis, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 2009
  Google Scholar

Zumrawi M., “Effect of CR modifiers (CRM) on characteristics of asphalt binders in Sudan”, International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, vol. 6, no. 2–1, (2017), pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2017060201.11
  Google Scholar

Geng L. T. et al., “Performance research of high-viscosity asphalt mixture as deck-paving materials for steel bridges”, Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 18, no. 1, (2017), pp. 208-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2016.1163279
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2016.1163279   Google Scholar

Bocci E., Graziani A. and Canestrari F., “Mechanical 3D characterization of epoxy asphalt concrete for pavement layers of orthotropic steel decks”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 79, (2015), pp. 145-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.120
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.120   Google Scholar

Qian Z., Chen C., Jiang C. and de Fortier Smit A., “Development of a lightweight epoxy asphalt mixture for bridge decks”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 48, (2013), pp. 516-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.096
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.096   Google Scholar

Norhidayah A. H. et al., “Engineering properties of crumb rubber modified dense-graded asphalt mixtures using dry process”, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, vol. 220, no. 1, (2019), p. 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/220/1/012009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/220/1/012009   Google Scholar

Wulandari P. S. and Tjandra D., “Use of crumb rubber as an additive in asphalt concrete mixture”, in Procedia Engineering, vol. 171, (2017), pp. 1384-1389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.451
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.451   Google Scholar

Syahputra D., Subagio B. S. and Hariyadi E. S., “Asphalt concrete – wearing course (Ac-Wc) with crumb rubber mixture performance evaluation”, Jurnal Teknik Sipil, vol. 26, no. 3, (2020), p. 223. https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2019.26.3.5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2019.26.3.5   Google Scholar

Ming L. Y., Feng C. P. and Siddig E. A. A., “Effect of phenolic resin on the performance of the styrene-butadiene rubber modified asphalt”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 181, (2018), pp. 465–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.076
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.076   Google Scholar

Nguyen H. T. and Tran T. N., “Effects of crumb rubber content and curing time on the properties of asphalt concrete and stone mastic asphalt using dry process”, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, vol. 11, no. 3, (2018), pp. 236-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.09.014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.09.014   Google Scholar

Abdulmawjoud A. A., “Evaluation of SBR and PS-modified asphalt binders and HMA mixtures containing such binders”, Applied Research Journal, May 2015.
  Google Scholar

Qian C., Fan W., Yang G., Han L., Xing B. and Lv X., “Influence of crumb rubber particle size and SBS structure on properties of CR/SBS composite modified asphalt”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 235, (2020), p. 117517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117517
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117517   Google Scholar

Hamad G. S., Jaya R. P., Hassan N. A., Aziz M. M. A. and Yusak M. I. M., “Influences of crumb rubber sizes on hot mix asphalt mixture”, Jurnal Teknologi, vol. 71, no. 3, (2014).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v71.3760   Google Scholar

Francken L., Bituminous binders and mixes. State of the art and interlaboratory tests on mechanical behaviour and mix design. New York, 1998.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482271973   Google Scholar

Hicksand R. G. and Jon A. E., Quality control for asphalt rubber binders and mixes. Prepared for Rubber Pavements Association, 2000.
  Google Scholar

Sisanth K. S., Thomas M. G., Abraham J. and Thomas S., “General introduction to rubber compounding”, in Progress in Rubber Nanocomposites, Woodhead Publishing, 2017, pp. 1-39.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100409-8.00001-2   Google Scholar

Hodgson D. R., “The agronomic properties of pulverized fuel ash”, Chem. Ind., vol. 20, (1966), pp. 785-790.
  Google Scholar

Tolle D. A., Arthur M. F. and Pomeroy S. E., Fly ash use for agriculture and land reclamation: a critical literature review and identification of additional research needs, RP-1224-5, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio, 1982.
  Google Scholar

Hemalatha T. and Ramaswamy A., “Fly ash cement”, in Handbook of Fly Ash, 2022, p. 547.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817686-3.00016-5   Google Scholar

Mistry R. and Roy T. K., “Effect of using fly ash as alternative filler in hot mix asphalt” Perspectives in Science, vol. 8, (2016), pp. 307–309, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2016.04.061
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2016.04.061   Google Scholar

Kamran M., Khan T., Khan D., Rosli M., “Experimental evaluation of hot mix asphalt using coal bottom ash as partial filler replacement”, Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, vol. 22, no. 2, (2023), pp. 167-179. https://doi.org/10.7409/rabdim.023.008
  Google Scholar

Khan N., Karim F., Latif Qureshi Q. B. A. I., Mufti S. A., Rabbani M. B. A., Khan M. S., Khan D., “Effect of fine aggregates and mineral fillers on the permanent deformation of hot mix asphalt”, Sustainability, vol. 15, (2023), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310646
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310646   Google Scholar

Read, J. and Whiteoak, D., The Shell Bitumen Handbook, Thomas Telford, 2003, [Online]. Available: http://books.google.com/books?id=bA1tIkRJL8kC&pgis=1
  Google Scholar

Kassabian N., Transportation research board. Committee on characteristics of non-bituminous components of bituminous paving mixtures. Recycled tire rubber in asphalt pavements. National Research Council (U.S.) 1992.
  Google Scholar

Li Y., Lyu Y., Xu M., Fan L. and Zhang Y., “Determination of construction temperatures of crumb rubber modified bitumen mixture based on CRMB mastic”, Materials, vol. 12, no. 23, (2019), p. 3851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233851
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233851   Google Scholar

Kim H. H., Mazumder M., Lee S.-J. and Lee M.-S., “Characterization of recycled crumb rubber modified binders containing wax warm additives”, J. Traffic Transp. Eng., vol. 5, (2018), pp. 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2017.10.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2017.10.002   Google Scholar

Mazumder M., Siddique A., Ahmed R., Lee S.-J. and Lee M.-S., “Rheological and morphological characterization of styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) modified asphalt binder”, Adv. Civ. Eng., vol. 2020, (2020), p. 8877371. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8877371
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8877371   Google Scholar

Download


Published
2023-12-30

Cited by

Khan, D. (2023) “Effects of crumb rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber additives on the properties of asphalt binder and the Marshall performance properties of asphalt mixtures”, Budownictwo i Architektura, 22(4), pp. 147–161. doi: 10.35784/bud-arch.5499.

Authors

Diyar Khan 
diyar.khan@polsl.pl
Doctoral School; Silesian University of Technology; Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-9012

Authors

Basit Ali 

International Education School; Chang’an Universty; China

Authors

Peilong Li 

Highway School; Chang’an University; China

Authors

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan 

School of Civil Engineering; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-4158

Authors

Fazli Karim 

Department of Civil Engineering; Sarhad University of Science and Technology; Pakistan
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-8562

Authors

Noman Khan 

Department of Civil Engineering; Sarhad University of Science and Technology; Pakistan
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3931-7119

Statistics

Abstract views: 145
PDF downloads: 105


License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Budownictwo i Architektura supports the open science program. The journal enables Open Access to their publications. Everyone can view, download and forward articles, provided that the terms of the license are respected.

Publishing of articles is possible after submitting a signed statement on the transfer of a license to the Journal.