BLACK BOX EFFICIENCY MODELLING OF AN ELECTRIC DRIVE UNIT UTILIZING METHODS OF MACHINE LEARNING
Lukas BAUER
lukas.bauer@hs-aalen.deAalen University, Institute for Drive Technology (Germany)
Leon STÜTZ
Aalen University, Institute for Drive Technology (Germany)
Markus KLEY
Aalen University, Institute for Drive Technolog (Germany)
Abstract
The increasing electrification of powertrains leads to increased demands for the test technology to ensure the required functions. For conventional test rigs in particular, it is necessary to have knowledge of the test technology's capabilities that can be applied in practical testing. Modelling enables early knowledge of the test rigs dynamic capabilities and the feasibility of planned testing scenarios. This paper describes the modelling of complex subsystems by experimental modelling with artificial neural networks taking transmission efficiency as an example. For data generation, the experimental design and execution is described. The generated data is pre-processed with suitable methods and optimized for the neural networks. Modelling is executed with different variants of the inputs as well as different algorithms. The variants compare and compete with each other. The most suitable variant is validated using statistical methods and other adequate techniques. The result represents reality well and enables the performance investigation of the test systems in a realistic manner.
Keywords:
electromobility, powertrain, electric drives, artificial neural network, efficiency modellingReferences
Albers, A., Behrendt, M., Klingler, S., & Matros, K. (2016). Verifikation und Validierung im Produktentstehungsprozess [E-Book]. In M. Behrendt, S. Klingler & K. Matros (Eds.), Handbuch Produktentwicklung (pp. 541–557). Carl Hanser Verlag. https://doi.org/10.3139/9783446445819.019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3139/9783446445819.019
Google Scholar
Bauer, L., Bauer, M., & Kley, M. (2021). Modelbasierte Validierung der Prüfstandsdynamik zur Erprobung von Komponenten elektrifizierter Antriebsstränge mithilfe eines digitalen Zwillings. Stuttgarter Symposium für Produktentwicklung, SSP 2021, 105–116. https://doi.org/10.18419/opus-11478
Google Scholar
Bauer, L., Beck, P., Stütz, L., & Kley, M. (2021). Enhanced efficiency prediction of an electrified off-highway vehicle transmission utilizing machine learning methods. Procedia Computer Science, 192, 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.043
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.043
Google Scholar
Beine, M., & Rasche, R. (2018). Datenmanagement für das szenariobasierte Testen. ATZextra, 23(S4), 20–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s35778-018-0024-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s35778-018-0024-9
Google Scholar
ÇElik, E., Gör, H., ÖZtürk, N., & Kurt, E. (2017). Application of artificial neural network to estimate power generation and efficiency of a new axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(28), 17692–17699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.168
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.168
Google Scholar
Dismon, H. (2017). Wir sind gefordert, Entwicklungen schnell und treffsicher umzusetzen. MTZextra, 22(S1), 8–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41490-017-0009-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41490-017-0009-4
Google Scholar
Dohmen, H., Pfeiffer, K., & Schyr, C. (2009). Antriebsstrangprüftechnik: Vom stationären Komponententest zum fahrmanöverbasierten Testen (Die Bibliothek der Technik (BT)) (1. Aufl.). Süddeutscher Verlag onpact. German Environment Agency. (2020). Submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol 2020.
Google Scholar
Guggenmos, J., Rückert, J., Thalmair, S., & Wagner, M. (2018). Das Prüffeld der Antriebsentwicklung im Wandel. VPC – Simulation und Test 2015 (pp. 1–13). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20736-6_1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20736-6_1
Google Scholar
Hoekstra, A. (2019). The Underestimated Potential of Battery Electric Vehicles to Reduce Emissions. Joule, 3(6), 1412–1414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.06.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.06.002
Google Scholar
Isermann, R. (2007). Mechatronische Systeme. Springer.
Google Scholar
Jazayeri, K., Jazayeri, M., & Uysal, S. (2016). Comparative Analysis of Levenberg-Marquardt and Bayesian Regularization Backpropagation Algorithms in Photovoltaic Power Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network. Advances in Data Mining. Applications and Theoretical Aspects (pp. 80–95). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41561-1_7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41561-1_7
Google Scholar
Khan, A., Mohammadi, M. H., Ghorbanian, V., & Lowther, D. (2020). Efficiency Map Prediction of Motor Drives Using Deep Learning. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 56(3), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2019.2957162
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2019.2957162
Google Scholar
Li, Y. L., Kley, M., & Wang, S. J. (2014). Driveline Simulation of 2013 Formula Student Electric Racing Vehicle. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 541–542, 424–429. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.424
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.541-542.424
Google Scholar
Machrowska, A., Karpiński, R., Jonak, J., & Krakowski, P. (2020). Numericalprediction of the component-ratiodependent compressive strength of bone cement. Applied Computer Science, 16(3), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.23743/acs-2020-24
Google Scholar
Martini, E., Voß, H., Töpfer, S., & Isermann, R. (2003). Effiziente Motorapplikation mit lokal linearen neuronalen Netzen. MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift, 64(5), 406–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03226705
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03226705
Google Scholar
Paulweber, M., & Lebert, K. (2014). Mess- und Prüfstandstechnik: Antriebsstrangentwicklung Hybridisierung Elektrifizierung (Der Fahrzeugantrieb) (2014. Aufl.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04453-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04453-4
Google Scholar
Payal, A., Rai, C. S., & Reddy, B. V. R. (2013). Comparative analysis of Bayesian regularization and LevenbergMarquardt training algorithm for localization in wireless sensor network. 15th International Conference on Advanced Communications Technology (ICACT) (pp. 191–194). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6488169
Google Scholar
Ratov, D., & Lyfar, V. (2020). Modeling transmission mechanisms with determination of efficiency. Applied Computer Science, 16(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.23743/acs-2020-03
Google Scholar
Stütz, J., Bauer, L., & Kley, M. (2019). Intelligente Lastkollektivoptimierung für Erprobungen von elektrischen und hybriden Antriebssträngen. Stuttgarter Symposium für Produktentwicklung SSP 2019 (pp. 93–102). Fraunhofer-Institut für Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation IAO. https://doi.org/10.18419/opus-10394
Google Scholar
Stütz, L., Beck, P., & Kley, M. (2021). Wirkungsgraduntersuchungen am Antriebsstrang von Multifunktionsfahrzeugen unter Berücksichtigung von empirisch ermittelten Lastkollektiven. Stuttgarter Symposium für Produktentwicklung SSP 2021 (pp. 445–454). Fraunhofer-Institut für Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation IAO. https://doi.org/10.18419/opus-11478
Google Scholar
The MathWorks. (2020). Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox User’s Guide. The MathWorks.
Google Scholar
Willmerding, G., & Häckh, J. (2017). Echtzeitsimulation hochdynamischer Fahrzeugantriebe. ASIM-Treffen STS/GMMS 2017 (pp. 192–198). Ulm.
Google Scholar
Yadav, R. N., & Yadava, V. (2017). Artificial neural network modelling of erosion-abrasion-based hybrid machining of aluminium-silicon carbide-boron carbide composite. International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation, 9(2), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijesms.2017.083223
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESMS.2017.10003531
Google Scholar
Authors
Lukas BAUERlukas.bauer@hs-aalen.de
Aalen University, Institute for Drive Technology Germany
Authors
Leon STÜTZAalen University, Institute for Drive Technology Germany
Authors
Markus KLEYAalen University, Institute for Drive Technolog Germany
Statistics
Abstract views: 157PDF downloads: 40
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in Applied Computer Science are open-access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Similar Articles
- Nataliya SHABLIY, Serhii LUPENKO, Nadiia LUTSYK, Oleh YASNIY, Olha MALYSHEVSKA, KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS ANALYSIS USING MACHINE LEARNING METHODS , Applied Computer Science: Vol. 17 No. 4 (2021)
- Monika KULISZ, Justyna KUJAWSKA, Zulfiya AUBAKIROVA, Gulnaz ZHAIRBAEVA, Tomasz WAROWNY, PREDICTION OF THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CONCRETE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK , Applied Computer Science: Vol. 18 No. 4 (2022)
- Anupa ARACHCHIGE, Ranil SUGATHADASA, Oshadhi HERATH, Amila THIBBOTUWAWA, ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED DEMAND FORECASTING INTEGRATED WITH FEDERAL FUNDS RATE , Applied Computer Science: Vol. 17 No. 4 (2021)
- Daniel HALIKOWSKI, Justyna PATALAS-MALISZEWSKA, Małgorzata SKRZESZEWSKA, A MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF AUTOMATION OF A MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK , Applied Computer Science: Vol. 14 No. 4 (2018)
- Robert KARPIŃSKI, Jakub GAJEWSKI, Jakub SZABELSKI, Dalibor BARTA, APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN PREDICTION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF ABSORBABLE SUTURES , Applied Computer Science: Vol. 13 No. 4 (2017)
- Anna MACHROWSKA, Robert KARPIŃSKI, Józef JONAK, Jakub SZABELSKI, NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF THE COMPONENT-RATIO-DEPENDENT COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BONE CEMENT , Applied Computer Science: Vol. 16 No. 3 (2020)
- Monika KULISZ, Aigerim DUISENBEKOVA, Justyna KUJAWSKA, Danira KALDYBAYEVA, Bibigul ISSAYEVA, Piotr LICHOGRAJ, Wojciech CEL, IMPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORK AS A DECISION-MAKING TOOL IN MANAGING KAZAKHSTAN’S AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY , Applied Computer Science: Vol. 19 No. 4 (2023)
- Hawkar ASAAD, Shavan ASKAR, Ahmed KAKAMIN, Nayla FAIQ, EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMANROBOT COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0 , Applied Computer Science: Vol. 20 No. 2 (2024)
- Md. Torikur RAHMAN, Mohammad ALAUDDIN, Uttam Kumar DEY, Dr. A.H.M. Saifullah SADI, ADAPTIVE SECURE AND EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK , Applied Computer Science: Vol. 19 No. 3 (2023)
- Wulan Dewi, Wiranto Herry Utomo, PLANT CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LEAF EDGES AND LEAF MORPHOLOGICAL VEINS USING WAVELET CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK , Applied Computer Science: Vol. 17 No. 1 (2021)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.