What is Right and What is Wrong in the Environmental Governance Model? Environmental Regulations for Improving Environmental Sustainability Ratings
Jajat S. Ardiwinata
Department Community Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat 40154, Indonesia (Indonesia)
Khalid Zaman
khalid_zaman786@yahoo.comDepartment of Economics, University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (Pakistan)
Abdelmohsen A. Nassani
Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh, 11587, Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia)
Mohamed Haffar
Department of Management, Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom (United Kingdom)
Chairil Faif Pasani
Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia (Indonesia)
Sriyanto Sriyanto
Social Studies Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, 53182, Indonesia (Indonesia)
Abstract
The improper allocation of economic and environmental resources damages the United Nations sustainable development Agenda, which remains a challenge for policymakers to stop the rot through efficient governance mechanisms. The study designed an efficient environmental governance framework by extending the different governance factors linked to the environmental sustainability ratings in the cross-section of 67 countries. The results of the two-regime based estimator show that environmental corruption (regime-1), environmental politics (regime-2), and environmental laws (regime-2) negatively correlated with the environmental sustainability rating, whereas environmental democracy (regime-1 & 2) positively correlated with the environmental sustainability agenda across countries. The government effectiveness and the country’s per capita income both escalates environmental sustainability ratings. The results align with the Demopolis theory, the effective regulatory theory, and the theory of law and politics. The causality estimates show that environmental corruption and government effectiveness causes environmental politics and economic growth. In contrast, environmental democracy and environmental regulations cause a country’s per capita income. The bidirectional causality is found between environmental regulations and environmental corruption on the one hand, while environmental regulations and environmental politics Granger cause each other on the other hand. The results show the importance of environmental regulations in managing ecological corruption and politics across countries. The variance decomposition analysis suggested that environmental politics likely influenced the environmental sustainability agenda, followed by government effectiveness and environmental democracy for the next ten years. The study emphasized the need to design an efficient environmental governance framework that minimizes environmental corruption and enables them to move towards environmental democracy, stringent environmental laws, and regulations. Government effectiveness would mainly be linked to reducing corruption and political instability to achieve clean, green and sustainable development.
Keywords:
environmental sustainability rating, environmental governance indicators, environmental regulations, government effectiveness, switching regressionReferences
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Authors
Jajat S. ArdiwinataDepartment Community Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat 40154, Indonesia Indonesia
Authors
Khalid Zamankhalid_zaman786@yahoo.com
Department of Economics, University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Pakistan
Authors
Abdelmohsen A. NassaniDepartment of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh, 11587, Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
Authors
Mohamed HaffarDepartment of Management, Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom United Kingdom
Authors
Chairil Faif PasaniMathematics and Science Education, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia Indonesia
Authors
Sriyanto SriyantoSocial Studies Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, 53182, Indonesia Indonesia
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